In order to optimize the extraction process of Ligusticum chuanxiong volatile oil,this study established a new method to extract volatile oil from fresh L. chuanxiong which used orthogonal experimental design to optimize the extraction process conditions of ethanol reflux,and further investigated the key process parameters such as recovery concentration and oil-water separation.With the ligustilide and senkyunolide A as index components,the content was determined by quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker(QAMS).and the extraction amount,oil yield and oil content were evaluated as evaluation indexes.Finally,the new extraction and preparation method of  L. chuanxiong volatile oil was determined as follows:Slice fresh  L. chuanxiong,add 8 times the amount of 70% ethanol to extract it by reflux twice (calculated with reference to the dried drug,the moisture of fresh  L. chuanxiong should be measured for the first time,and the ethanol concentration should be adjusted to 70%) for 1.5 hour each time,then recover and concentrate the filtrate to 2.0-3.0 g crude medicine /mL,left for overnight. Discarded the water layer,heat the upper emulsified layer to 60 ℃,centrifuge,and then separate the oil layer.Add sodium chloride to the remaining emulsified layer to saturation,then heat to 60 ℃ and centrifuge. L. chuanxiong volatile oil is obtained by combining two centrifugal oil layers.The yield of  L. chuanxiong volatile oil was about 3%,and the total amount of ligustilide and senkyunolide A was 70%.This research established a new method which has low production equipment requirements,simple operation,and can realize the efficient preparation of the  L. chuanxiong volatile oil with high content and excellent quality.Therefore,it provides a new idea and a new method for the industrial production of  L. chuanxiong volatile oil.