The objective of this study was to establish a quantitative analysis model for the content of water-soluble extracts and gentiopicroside in Gentianae Radix et Rhizoma by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR).The content of gentiopicroside in Gentianae Radix et Rhizoma was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).The content of water-soluble extracts in Gentianae Radix et Rhizoma was determined according to the 2201 general rules of four general rules of Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 edition).The near-infrared spectra of 90 batches of Gentianae Radix et Rhizoma samples were collected and the optimal quantitative analysis models were established by partial least square method (PLS).The correlation coefficient (R²) in the two models were 0.933 3 and 0.950 5,respectively.The root mean square error of calibration (RMSEC) were 0.732 7 and 0.252 3,and the root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) were 0.690 6 and 0.234 2,respectively.The average relative deviation was 0.06% and 0.30%,respectively.The results showed that the near-infrared spectroscopy can be used for quantitative analysis of water-soluble extracts and active components in Gentianae Radix et Rhizoma.The method is simple,easy to operate,fast and non-destructive,and the results are accurate.The method has a broad application prospect in quality control and online monitoring of Gentianae Radix et Rhizoma.