The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of aerobic exercise and resveratrol on renal inflammation and apoptosis in type 2 diabetic rats and its mechanism.Sixty-five SD rats were selected to establish diabetic rat model by high glucose and high fat feeding combined with chemical induction.The rats were randomly divided into diabetic group,exercise group,drug group and exercise drug group,and normal control group.Exercise groups completed eight consecutive weeks of treadmill running.Drug groups were given resveratrol liquid once a day for eight weeks.At the end of eight weeks,blood glucose,24 h urinary albumin (24 h-UP),serum creatinine (Scr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were measured.The number of apoptosis in renal tissue was detected by TUNEL method.The expressions of interleukin-6 (IL-6),tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were detected by ELISA.The expressions of apoptosis factors B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2),Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) and cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 3 (Caspase-3) were detected by immunohistochemistry.The expression of NF-κBp65 in renal was detected by Western blot.Compared with normal control group,the levels of Scr,BUN,blood glucose,24 h urinary protein,inflammation-related factors IL-6,IL-1β and TNF-α in model group were increased (P<0.05).Apoptosis of renal cells increased significantly,the expressions of Bax,Caspase-3 and NF-κBp65 increased significantly,and the expression of Bcl-2 decreased significantly (P<0.05).The levels of Scr,BUN,blood glucose,24 h urinary protein,IL-6,IL-1β and TNF-α in exercise group,drug group and exercise drug group were decreased to different degrees (P<0.05).The apoptosis of renal cells were decreased,the expressions of Bax,Caspase-3 and NF-κBp65 were significantly decreased (P<0.05),and the expression of Bcl-2 was significantly increased (P<0.05),and the changes were more obvious in the exercise drug group.The results indicated that aerobic exercise and resveratrol alone or combined intervention have a certain protective effect on diabetic nephropathy rats,and the mechanism may be related to inhibiting the activation of NF-κBp65,reducing the level of inflammatory factors and inhibiting the apoptosis of kidney cells.Aerobic exercise combined with resveratrol intervention is better than single aerobic exercise or resveratrol intervention.