天然产物研究与开发 ›› 2024, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (增刊1): 70-75.

• 研究简报 • 上一篇    下一篇

茶花‘春节’不同生长阶段的叶片主要化学成分分析

吴  垠1,董青云2,李秉玲2,张亚利1*   

  1. 1上海市农业科学院 林木果树研究所,上海 201403;2北京林业大学 园林学院,北京 100083
  • 出版日期:2024-09-14 发布日期:2024-07-17
  • 基金资助:
    上海市花卉产业技术体系建设(2024-8-03)

Analysis of main chemical components in leaves of Camellia ‘Spring Festival’ at different growth stages

WU Yin1,DONG Qing-yun2,LI Bing-ling2,ZHANG Ya-li1 *   

  1. 1Forestry & Fruit Tree Research Institute,Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shanghai 201403,China;2College of Landscape Architecture,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China
  • Online:2024-09-14 Published:2024-07-17

摘要:

探究了观赏茶花‘春节’(Camellia ‘Spring Festival’)不同生长阶段叶片的主要营养成分变化及其应用价值。对茶花‘春节’叶芽、嫩叶及成熟叶的5种主要营养成分、8种活性成分以及9种矿质元素进行了检测分析。结果显示:除叶芽中的粗蛋白含量显著高于嫩叶和成熟叶片外,灰分、粗纤维、脂肪和总糖4个指标含量均为成熟叶的含量最高。叶芽和嫩叶在茶多酚、茶氨酸和茶多糖的含量方面均显著高于成熟叶,嫩叶的茶多酚含量最高,达到151.42±20.95 mg/g,叶芽的茶多糖和茶氨酸含量分别为21.01±2.36 mg/g和151.33±24.70 μg/g;此外,不同生长阶段的叶咖啡碱含量均低于1%。叶芽和嫩叶的K含量极显著高于成熟叶片,但其Na含量则极显著低于成熟叶的Na含量;不同生长阶段的叶Fe和Se的含量均高于已报道茶叶的含量。从‘春节’的主要营养成分、活性成分及主要矿质元素的含量来看,该材料在食品开发、茶叶育种改良等方面有重要的开发潜力和意义。

关键词: 茶花‘春节’, 营养成分, 活性成分, 矿质元素

Abstract:

Nutrient content of leaves at different growth stages of Camellia ‘Spring Festival’ were studied so as to evaluate the cultivar’s application value.Five nutritional compositions,eight active ingredients and nine mineral elements of leaf buds,tender leaves,and mature leaves were detected and compared.Results indicated that the content of crude protein in leaf buds were significantly higher than that in tender leaves and mature leaves,while the contents of ash,crude fiber,fat and total sugar in mature leaves were significantly the highest among the three growth stages.The content of tea polyphenols,theanine and tea polysaccharides in leaf buds and tender leaves were significantly higher than that in mature leaves.The content of tea polyphenol in tender leaves was the highest which reached to 151.42±20.95 mg/g.Content of theanine and tea polysaccharides in leaf buds were 21.01±2.36 mg/g and 151.33±24.70 μg/g,respectively.The caffeine content at three different growth stages were all less than 1%.Camellia ‘Spring Festival’ is a plant with high kalium content and low sodium content.The kalium content in leaf buds and tender leaves were significantly higher than that in mature leaves,on the contrary,the sodium content was significantly lower than that in mature leaves.The content of iron and selenium at different growth stages were higher than that in reported tea leaves.From the content of the main nutrients and active ingredients of Camellia ‘Spring Festival’,as well as the main mineral elements,Camellia 'Spring Festival' has important development potential in food development,tea breeding and other fields.

Key words: Camellia ‘Spring Festival’, nutritional compositions, active ingredients, mineral elements

中图分类号:  S685.14