关键词: 超声波法, 藜麦, 生物碱, 乙醇回流法, 正交实验

Abstract: The study in the comparison of ethanol reflux method,ultrasonic extraction method and their extraction conditions was reported in this paper,and the best extraction conditions of alkaloid from quinoa seeds were achieved.On the basis of single factor experiments,the effect of ethanol concentration,solidliquid ratio and extraction time on the alkaloid extraction ratio from quinoa seeds was investigated.The results showed that,with the method of ethanol reflux method,the best extraction condition of alkaloid from quinoa seeds was under the ethanol concentration of 80%,solidliquid ratio of 1:8,extraction time of 60 min.Under the best extraction conditions,the quinoa seed alkaloid extraction ratio was 2.17 mg/g.With the method of ultrasonic extraction from quinoa seeds,the best extraction condition was under the ethanol concentration of 80%,solidliquid ratio of 1:6,and extraction time of 80 min.Under the best extraction conditions,the quinoa seeds alkaloid extraction ratio was 2.03 mg/g.So,each one of the two alkaloid extraction methods from quinoa seeds has its own advantages and disadvantages,from the aspect of economize raw meterial,the ultrasonic extraction method is better;from the aspect of alkaloid extraction ratio and extraction time,the ethanol reflux method is preferable.As the method of ethanol reflux is more convenient and has higher extraction ratio,it is more preferable in the extraction of the alkaloid from quinoa seeds in industry production.

Key words: ultrasonic extraction method, quinoa, alkaloids, ethanol reflux method, orthogonal experiment