The purpose of this research was to establish an accurate and efficient method to analysis of chemical constituents in Longya lily(Lilium brownii F.E.Brown var. viridulum Baker) and to compare the differences between the dry and fresh samples. The phenols and saponins compounds were analysed by HPLC-Q-TOF-MS method,and the volatile constituents were analysed by HS-SPME-GC-MS method. The results showed that 12 phenolic acids,1lignans and 6 steroidal saponins were identified from fresh Longya lily,and 5 phenolic acids,1 lignans and 6 steroidal saponins were identified from dry Longya lily samples respectively via HPLC-Q-TOF-MS method,nine of them were identified from Longya lily for the first time;and 37 or 22 volatile components were identified by HS-SPME-GC-MS method from fresh or dry samples of Longya lily. These volatile components belong to alcohol,aldehyde,acid,ester and alkane compounds,in addition,11 of them were the common components in fresh or dry samples of Longya lily,the types and contents of chemical components in fresh samples were more and higher than those in dry samples. The optimized methods of HPLC-Q-TOF-MS and HS-SPME-GC-MS could be well applied to analyzing the components in Longya lily,the results can provide some support for the development and utilization of Longya lily.