To investigate the chemical compounds of angelica oil and their protective effects on CoCl2-induced injury in PC12 cells,the chemical constituents were enriched by silica gel,preparative thin layer chromatography and semi-preparative HPLC,and their structures were determined by physicochemical properties and spectroscopic data. The activity of angelica oil and monomer components were evaluated by MTT assay,LDH Cytotoxicity Assay Kit,and Hoechst staining through a hypoxia model of PC12 cells injured by CoCl₂. The results showed that six compounds were isolated and identified from angelica oil as spathulenol (1),(-)-(S)-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-ethyl methyl ether (2),pentanone (3),methyl 2,5-dihydroxybenzoate (4),monomethyl phthalate (5) and vanillin (6). The configuration of compound 2 was reported for the first time. Compounds 2,4,and 5 were first isolated from angelica oil. The results of activity evaluation demonstrated angelica oil and compound 2 can significantly increase cell survival rate at a certain concentration,reduce the level of LDH in cells,and inhibit the apoptosis of PC12 cells. In this paper,aromatic lead compounds were found through the study of the chemical composition and neuroprotective activity of angelica oil,which laid a material foundation and provided a scientific basis for illustrating the neuroprotective effect of angelica oil.