This study aims to investigate the chemical constituents from the massive rhizomes of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua in Jiuhua Mountain,together with their inflammatory activities.Sixteen compounds were isolated and purified from the 85% ethanol extract of the title plant by using systematic separation methods,including silica gel column chromatography,MCI column chromatography,Sephadex LH-20 gel column chromatography and semi-preparative liquid chromatography.Their structures were identified as polygodoside H (1),polygonatumoside G (2),25(S)-funkioside B (3),typaspidoside A (4),rutin (5),luteolin-7-O-rutinoside (6),kaempferol-7-O-β-D-glucoside (7),quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (8),apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucoside (9),lariciresinol glycoside (10),5-O-caffeoylquinic acid methyl ester (11),4-O-caffeoylquinic acid methyl ester (12),3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid methyl ester (13),3,4-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid methyl ester (14),4,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid methyl ester (15),trans-p-coumaric acid methyl ester (16) by ¹H NMR,¹³C NMR and HR-ESI-MS.All the compounds are isolated from this plant for the first time. Biologically,all compounds were subjected to evaluate their anti-inflammatory activities via inhibiting NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells in vitro.The results indicated that compounds 1-3,5-8 showed a moderate inhibitory effect against NO production with IC₅₀ values of 8.28-41.85 μmol/L and without cytotoxicity against the cells,showing a certain degree of anti-inflammatory activity.