This study aims to study comprehensively the quality of Syzygium jambos (L.) Alston leaves from different populations based on the methods of HPLC fingerprint and chemical pattern recognition,and provide reference for its quality evaluation.The Sonoma C₁₈ (2) column (4.6 mm × 250 mm,5 μm) was used for the analysis,with a 0.1% formic acid water-methanol solution serving as the mobile phase,detection wavelength of 290 nm,flow rate of 1.0 mL/min,injection volume of 10 μL,and a column temperature of 30 ℃.The similarity evaluation was performed using the Similarity Evaluation System for Chromatographic Fingerprint of Traditional Chinese Medicine (2012 Edition) to determine the common peak.SPSS 22.0 statistical software was used for cluster analysis and principal component analysis to establish a comprehensive evaluation table of S. jambos leaves from different origins.The HPLC fingerprint of S. jambos leaves was established for the first time,the similarity was 0.591-0.994,and 12 common peaks were calibrated.Through comparison with the reference substance,two components were identified:gallic acid and p-hydroxybenzoic acid.The ten batches of S. jambos leaves were divided into three groups during chemical pattem recognition analysis,the first group was primarily from Maoming,the second group was primarily from Zhaoqing,and thired group was primarily from the others origins.Principal component analysis and factor analysis showed that the quality of S. jambos leaves from Zhaoqing was generally better than that in other origins.The common peaks of 1,2,4,5,6 and 12 could be used as the main components for the quality evaluation of S. jambos leaves.The method of combining HPLC fingerprint and chemical pattern recognition can not only provide a reference for the comprehensive evaluation of the quality control of S. jambos leaves,but also provide a certain scientific basis for the quality evaluation of its germplasm resources.