In order to analyze the diversity and structure of mycorrhizal fungi in three types of Dendrobium huoshanense,the ITS 1-2 region of D. huoshanense mycorrhizal fungi was sequenced by Illumina Miseq high-throughput sequencing method and analyzed by mothur.The results showed that 898 663 ITS rRNAs and 1 928 OTUs were obtained from three types of annual D. huoshanense.The average Shannon index of mycorrhizal fungi of three types (ⅠR1,ⅡR1 and ⅢR1) were 2.42,2.79 and 2.74,respectively.Investigations on D. huoshanense revealed high richness and diversity of mycorrhizal fungi,mainly including Ascomycota,Basidiomycota and Mucoromycota phylum,among which the abundance of Ascomycota was the highest in May,and that of Basidiomycota was the lowest.LEfSe analysis showed that there were 44 different branches (a = 0.01,LDA score ≥ 2.0) among the three types of annual D. huoshanense mycorrhizal fungi.