The extraction conditions of headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) were optimized by orthogonal experiment to study the changes of volatile components in postharvest bananas with UV-C treated.Suitable extraction head,ultrasonic time before extraction,sample weight and extraction temperature were determined by single factor,and the best extraction parameters for SPME were obtained using orthogonal experiment.Under these conditions,the volatile compounds in banana pulp of UV-C treated group and control group were determined and identified,and the differences of volatile components between the two groups were compared to evaluate the aroma effect of postharvest banana treated by UV-C.The results showed that the optimal extraction parameters were as follows: ultrasonic time 20 min,sample weight 4.0 g,extraction temperature 50 ℃.Under these conditions,169 volatile components were identified in banana pulp of the two groups,which were mainly composed of esters,aldehydes,ketones,alcohols and others,including 58 esters,34 aldehydes,27 ketones,17 alcohols and 33 others.The total ester content in UV-C group (76.61%±0.25%) was higher than that in control group (75.98%±0.39%).There were 38 differential metabolic volatile components of bananas in the two groups,including 34 down-regulated and 4 up-regulated.In conclusion,the banana treated with UV-C affected its volatile components,but their characteristic esters and total esters were slightly improved.The aroma of bananas is mainly derived from esters.UV-C treatment for postharvest bananas storage and preservation will not cause the decline of banana aroma,but will make its aroma slightly enhanced.