The HPLC-ELSD fingerprints of Fritillariae Thunbergii Bulbus (FTB) and Fritillariae Hupehensis Bulbus (FHB) were established to compare the differences between the two herbs combined with multi-component quantitative analysis.The chromatographic column was Waters ACQUITY HSS T3 (4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm).The gradient elution was performed at a flow rate of 1.1 mL/min with acetonitrile -0.1% triethylamine solution as the mobile phase.The column temperature was 38 ℃.Evaporative light scattering detection was used.The HPLC-ELSD fingerprints of FTB and FHB were established.The differences between FTB and FHB were compared by chemometrics methods and simultaneous determination of five alkaloid components.The results showed that the fingerprints of FTB had seven common peaks and the fingerprints of FHB had eight peaks.Six peaks were identified,namely yibeissine,peimisine,peimine,peiminine,isofritillarine and hupehenine.Among the above ingredients,hupehenine was the specific component of FHB.Both HCA and PCA could distinguish FTB and FHB well.OPLS-DA found four different markers.The content determination results showed that the content of peimine in FTB was significantly higher than that in FHB,while the contents of peimisine,peiminine and isofritillarine were significantly lower than that in FHB.This method can effectively identify the quality differences between FTB and FHB,and provide reference for their quality control.