This study aims to investigate the chemical constituents of Eupatorium chinense roots and their antidiabetic activities.Normal-phase silica gel column chromatography,thin-layer chromatography,gel column chromatography and semi-preparative high-performance liquid chromatography were used to investigate the chemical constituents of roots of E. chinense.Fifteen compounds were isolated and then identified as 8S-9-hydroxythymol (1),8,10-dehydro-9-hydroxythymol (2),1-［4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-(3-methylbut-3-en-1-ynyl) phenyl］ ethenone (3),speciosin L (4),(R)-8-hydroxy-9-isobutyryloxythymol (5),1,4-［13C］-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-5-naphthyl-amin (6),eupatriol (7),3β,6-hydroxytremetone (8),6-methoxyluteolin (9),(2R,3S)-5-acetyl -6-hydroxyl-2-isopropenyl-3-ethoxy-dihydrofuran (10),(2R,3S)-5-Acetyl-6-hydroxy-2-isopropenyl-3-ethoxy-benzodihydrofuran (11),6-hydroxy-2H-benzofuran-3-one (12),3,5-dimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran (13),2,4-bis-(5-acetyl-6-hydroxy-benzofuran-2-yl)-4-methyl-pent-1-ene (14),1,1′-［［(2E)-4-methylpent-2-ene-2,4-diyl］ bis (6-hydroxy-1-benzofuran-2,5-diyl)］ diethanone (15).Among them,compound 3 was isolated for the first time from Eupatorium and compound 14 was isolated for the first time from E. chinense.The inhibitory activities of α-glucosidase and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) of the compounds were determined by p-nitrophenyl-β-galactopyranoside method and p-nitrophenyl phosphate method.Compounds 3,4,5 and 12 showed good α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with IC₅₀ values of 3.7,10.1,21.3 and 22.5 μg/mL,respectively,with compound 3 showing better inhibitory activity than the benign drug acarbose (4.6 μg/mL);compounds 1,3,4 and 12 showed good PTP1B inhibitory activity with IC₅₀ values of 15.2,8.6,2.2 and 21.2 μg/mL,respectively,of which the inhibitory activity of compound 3 was superior to that of the benign drug oleanolic acid (12.5 μg/mL),and the inhibitory activity of compound 4 was superior to that of the positive drugs sodium orthovanadate (7.5 μg/mL) and oleanolic acid (12.5 μg/mL).It was shown that both alkyne compounds 3 and 4 have more pronounced α-glucosidase and PTP1B inhibitory activities.Molecular docking technique was used to calculate the interactions of compounds 3 and 4 with α-glucosidase and PTP1B,respectively,and the calculated results showed that compounds 3 and 4 have strong binding to both α-glucosidase and PTP1B.This thesis presents the first dual-targeted study of the antidiabetic activities of the chemical constituents of E. chinense roots,and the results suggest that compounds 3 and 4 could be used as antidiabetic lead compounds for subsequent studies.