This study aims to investigate the chemical constitutes of n-butyl alcohol extracts from the 85% ethanol extract of the Moutan Cortex.Compounds were isolated and purified via combinative chromatographic techniques,including macroporous resin,silica gel,Sephadex LH-20 gel,along with mid-pressure and semi-preparative reversed-phase chromatography.The structures of monomeric compounds were elucidated by the data of NMR and MS.Sixteen compounds were obtained and identified as 5-hydroxy-3S-hydroxymethyl-6-methyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran (1),(S)-(6-methyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-3-yl)methanol (2),4-thujone-7-hydroxyl-8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3),resacetophenone (4),acetoisovanillone (5),2,5-dihydrox-4-methoxyacetophenone (6),3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy phenyl) propan-1,2-diol (7),erythro-1-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-propan-1,2-diol (8),thero-1-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-propan-1,2-diol (9),(+)-catechin (10),(+)-catechin -7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (11),p-hydroxybenzoic acid β-D-glucopyranoside (12),β-D-glucopyranosyl benzoate (13),ethyl gallate (14),gallicin (15) and vanillic acid (16),respectively.Among them,compounds 2,7-9 and 11-16 were obtained from the genus Paeonia for the first time.Activity screening showed that 1 inhibited the NO,TNF-α and IL-6 inflammatory cytokines levels with IC₅₀ of 15.67±1.20,18.59±1.27 and 15.79±1.20 μmol/L in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages.