To investigate the chemical constituents of Rhus chinensis Mill. leaves,fifteen compounds were isolated and purified from 95% ethanol extract of Rhus chinensis Mill. leaves by silica gel column chromatography,Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography and semi-preparative high performance liquid chromatography.The structure of the compounds was determined based on their physicochemical properties and spectral data.These compounds included 3-hydroxy-5-methylphenol 1-O-β-D-(6′-benzoyl)glucopyranoside (1),p-hydroxyphenylethanol (2),pinoresinol (3),(3S,5R,6S,7E)-3,5,6-trihydroxy-7-megastigmen-9-one (4),syringaresinol (5),phloracetophenone (6),rhusflavone (7),dehydroemitol (8),quercetin (9),ethyl gallate(10),7S,8R-dihydrodehydrodiconiferyl alcohol (11),agathisflavone(12),4,6-dihydroxy-2-O-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)acetophenone (13),3-hydroxy-5-methylphenol 1-O-β-D-(6′-galloyl)glucopyranoside(14),and debiloside A(15).Compound 1 was a new compound,and compounds 2,4,6,7,8,13 and 15 were isolated from Rhus for the first time.The results of DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging experiments showed that compounds 9,10,11 and 14 showed good scavenging activities against DPPH and ABTS radicals,among which compounds 9 and 10 showed the most significant scavenging activities,which were stronger than positive control (Vc).