Polygonati Rhizoma is the rhizomes of Polygonatum sibiricum Red.,P. cyrtonema Hua or P. kingianum Coll. et Hemsl.in the plants of the Polygonatum Mill. in the Liliaceae family,with a long history of medicinal use,flat nature,sweet taste,spleen,lung,and kidney meridian.It is used for the treatment of lung deficiency and dry cough,weakness of the spleen and stomach,tiredness and fatigue,dry mouth and little food,deficiency of essence and blood,internal heat and thirst. In this paper,we reviewed the chemical components and modern pharmaceuticals,studied rhizoma polygonal odor,predicted and analyzed its quality markers (Q-markers) based on pharmacological activities,pharmacodynamic substances,phytopharmacology,herb compounding,processing and concocting,and network pharmacology.Preliminarily,baicalein,glycyrrhizin,β-sitosteroldiosgenin,5,4′-dihydroxyflavone,3′-methoxy-solo side,neo glycyrrhizin,and polysaccharides of flavonoids were identified as quality markers,which will provide a reference basis for the quality control and the clinical use of the drug.