To explore the potential mechanism and targets of Bufei Huoxue capsule(BHC) in anti-pulmonary fibrosis (PF).Firstly,TCMSP,SwissTargetPrediction and SEA databases were used to screen the active components and potential targets of BHC.GeneCards Suite,CTD and TTD databases were used to retrieve the disease-related targets of PF.The disease-related targets were mapped to the potential targets of the compound to obtain the public targets,which were then imported into the STRING platform for topological analysis with Cytoscape software to obtain the key targets.KEGG enrichment analysis was performed through the DAVID platform.To verify the data,Masson staining and chest CT were used to clarify the collagen deposition and imaging of lung tissue,and Western blot and q-PCR experiments were used to clarify the protein expression and gene transcription of the relevant targets.A total of 206 potential targets of BHC,487 targets of PF and 57 public targets were obtained.A total of 15 key targets,including TNF-α,MMP9 and p38,were screened out.Enrichment analysis suggested that TNF signaling pathway was the key pathway.Animal experiments showed that BHC could alleviate collagen deposition in lung tissue,reduce the fibrous grid shadow near the pleural tissue of mice lung tissue,and reduce the protein and mRNA contents of MMP9,TNF and p38 in lung tissue of PF mice (P<0.01).This research reveals the mechanism of action of BHC in regulating PF through multiple components,multiple targets,and multiple pathways,which provides theoretical basis and scientific basis for the clinical application of BHC.