This study aims to explore the effect of rocaglamide on mitochondria function in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell line HEL.MTT assay was used to determine the effect of rocaglamide on the proliferation of HEL cells.Cell cycle was analyzed by PI staining.Flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptotic rate of HEL cells.Western blot was used to detect mitochondrial apoptosis pathway related protein.The effect of rocaglamide on mitochondrial membrane permeability was analyzed by calcein method.JC-1 dye was used to detect the changes in mitochondrial membrane potential.Luciferase experiment was used to determine the effect of rocaglamide on adenosine triphosphate(ATP) level.The results showed that rocaglamide inhibited the proliferation of HEL cells in a time-and concentration-dependent manner and arrested cell cycle of HEL cells at G0/G1 phase.Rocaglamide induced mitochondrial pathway apoptosis,activated the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore(mPTP),and reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential of HEL cells as well as the ATP level.The above results indicated that rocaglamide remodeled the mitochondrial function of HEL cells,thereby inhibiting the proliferation of AML cells.