Abstract: In order to research the chemical composition and the bioactivities of the extract of the seeds of Cannabis sativa L.,the fatty acid derivatives were isolated by solvent extraction method and analyzed by gas chromatographymass spectrometry method and principal components analysis was adopted to investigate their compositions.Cytotoxic,antiinflammatory and neuroprotective activities were studied on the extract.12 peaks were detected and 11 components were identified as fatty acid esters according to their mass analysis.The results showed that the relative amount of fatty acid esters was higher in the lowboiling substancesin the seeds of C.sativa.The amount of (Z,Z)9,12octadecadienoic acid esters and (Z,Z,Z)9,12,15octadecatrienoic acid esters is up to 83.64% of total fatty acid derivatives.The extract of the seeds of C.sativa have no toxic,have antiinflammatory and neuroprotective activities.

Key words: Cannabis sativa L., lowboiling substance, principal components analysis, antiinflammatory, neuroprotection