A method for quality evaluation of Paeonia ludlowii seeds was established by combining QAMS and fingerprints,and its antioxidant activity was preliminarily evaluated.The analyses were performed on Agilent DB-FATWAX column (0.25 mm×30 m,0.25 μm),the carrier gas was high-purity nitrogen,temperature was programmed,and hydrogen flame ionization detector was used.Using methyl oleate as internal reference,the relative correction factor has good reproducibility.The P values of QAMS and external standard method are both >0.05 by t-test.The similarity between the fingerprints of P. ludlowii samples from different habitats and the control fingerprints was >0.99;The results showed that QAMS and fingerprints could be used for quality evaluation of P. ludlowii  seeds.The results of principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the data points of P. ludlowii  and P. suffruticosa could be divided into two categories.Through the comparative analysis of DPPH and Fe³⁺ reduction methods,it was found that the free radical scavenging rate and Fe³⁺ reduction capacity of the seed coat of P. ludlowii  were higher than P. suffruticosa,while the antioxidant capacity of seed oil was not significantly different with  P. suffruticosa.The analytical method established in this study is accurate,simple and feasible.One test and multiple evaluation combined with fingerprint can effectively evaluate the quality of P. ludlowii  seeds from different habitats.The seed coat and kernel of P. ludlowii  have obviously antioxidant effect,and can be used for research and development of new products such as food and cosmetics.