Polysaccharides and n-butanol fractions are effective fractions in Atractylodis Rhizoma (AR) for treating spleen deficiency.The study is to explore the mechanism of the effective fractions in AR on treating spleen deficiency from the perspective of mitophagy.The ultrastructure of mitochondria in gastric antrum of rats was observed by transmission electron microscope.The mRNA and protein expression levels of autophagy-related proteins PINK1,Parkin,LC3 and p62 were detected by qRT-PCR and Western blot.The adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and H₂O₂ levels in gastric antrum of rats were detected by biochemical analysis,the level of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were detected by JC-1.The results showed that compared with the model group,the polysaccharides of bran-processed AR (FD),n-butanol fractions of bran-processed AR (FZ),polysaccharides of crude AR (SD) and n-butanol fractions of crude AR (SZ) improved the mitochondrial structure injury and increased the number of autophagic lysosomes in different degrees.FD,FZ,SD and SZ significantly down-regulated the expression of PINK1,Parkin and p62 mRNA and protein,and up-regulated the expression of LC3II protein and LC3II/I value;the levels of ATP and MMP in FD and FZ groups increased significantly,while the levels of H₂O₂ decreased significantly,the levels of ATP and MMP in SZ group increased significantly,while the levels of H₂O₂ in SD group decreased significantly.In summary,the polysaccharides and n-butanol fractions of AR may treat spleen deficiency by promoting mitophagy and improving mitochondrial function of gastric antrum,and the effect of polysaccharides and n-butanol fractions of bran-processed AR were obviously superior to that of crude AR.