This study aims to investigate the chemical constituents of ethyl acetate extracts of Euscaphis japonica dry and mature fruits and their inhibition effect on HepG2 cells.The ethyl acetate part of E. japonica fruits was purified by various column chromatography and semi-prepared HPLC.The isolated compounds were identified by NMR technology.The HepG2 cell model was used to explore the anti-tumor effects of these compounds.Seventeen compounds were isolated and identified as oleanolic acid (1),6β-hydroxybetulinic acid (2),momordic acid (3),2-oxopomolic acid (4),pomolic acid (5),ursolic acid (6),23-aldehydepolomic acid (7),1-oxosiaresinolic acid (8),annurcoic acid (9),maslinic acid (10),kaempferol (11),naringenin (12),apigenin (13),luteolin (14),eriodictyol (15),methyl gallate (16),protocatechuic acid (17).Among them,compounds 2,9,12-15 were first isolated from the genus.Compounds 2,5,6,10,13 had an inhibitory effect on HepG2 cells.Compound 5 inhibited HepG2 cell proliferation and migration,blocked the cell cycle in G1 phase;promoted the accumulation of reactive oxygen species,reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential,and promoted apoptosis.