Abstract: Polyacetylenes,a class of natural products,widely exist in the nature.Due to their unique structure and pharmacological activity,polyacetylenes have evoked a great deal of interest in chemists and biologists worldwide.Currently,the research of polyacetylenes mainly focused on 1,3-diyne natural products which possess diverse structural scaffold and biological activity such as anticancer,neurotoxicity,anti-inflammatory activity and immune inhibitory activity.However,the progressive review about 1,3-diyne natural products has not been reported so far.In this review,the research progress in recent years concerningthe synthesis and pharmacological activities of 1,3-diyne natural products was systematically summarized,in order to provide ideas and methods for the development and utilization of 1,3-diyne natural products.