In order to excavate the characteristic evaluation index of Pu'er ecological tobacco,at the same time,to establish a simple and objective evaluation method,the main indexes of physical properties and chemical compositions in Pu'er ecological tobacco were researched,the representative tobacco leaves from other areas of Yunnan Province were used as control groups.Principal component analysis (PCA),partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and double sample t test were used.And the same time,carry on the difference analysis.The results showed that leaf density,tensile strength,nicotine,nitrogen-alkali ratio and potassium ion were selected as the characteristic evaluation indexes of Pu'er ecological tobacco.The difference analysis showed that the leaf density of Pu'er ecological tobacco was low,the tensile strength was small,the content of nicotine was medium,and the ratio of total nitrogen to nicotine especially the content of potassium ion were high.