To observe the intervention effect of saponins from Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bge.(SAa B) on C57BL/6J obese mice and to study the regulation mechanism of SAa B on adipose tissue of obese mice through NLRP₃- neurotransmitter pathway.The obesity model of mice were established by feeding with high-fat diet for 7 weeks,the successfully modeled mice were randomly divided into the clorgiline group (3 mg/kg),low-dose,medium-dose and high-dose SAa B groups (30,60 and 90 mg/kg) and the model group,in addition,set up a control group.Mice were given intraperitoneal injection once a day for 7 weeks,the control group and the model group were given only the same amount of normal saline.During this period,the body weight of mice were measured.After the last administration,the weight of abdominal fat,fasting blood glucose and the levels of total cholesterol (TC),triglyceride (TG),high and low density lipoprotein cholesterolserum lipids (LDL-C,HDL-C) were measured.The distribution of lower abdominal fat was observed by CT in vivo imaging technique.The pathomorphological changes of mice adipose tissue were observed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and the mRNA expression of growth differentiation factor 3 (GDF₃),caspartate proteolytic enzyme 1 (Caspase-1) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in adipose tissue of mice were detected by Real-Time PCR method,the protein expression of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family thermoprotein domain 3 (NLRP₃) and michigan association for openness in adoption (MAOA) in mice adipose tissue were detected by Western blot.The results show that SAa B can reduce the body mass of obese mice,the accumulation of adipose tissue in abdominal wall,decrease the levels of fasting blood glucose,serum TC,TG,LDL-C and increase the level of HDL-C,improve the pathological state of adipose tissue,and inhibit the expression of GDF₃,Caspase-1,IL-1βmRNA and NLRP₃,MAOA protein in adipose tissue of obese mice.The results of this study show that SAa B can reduce the body weight of obese mice induced by high-fat diet,control the disorder of blood glucose and blood lipid metabolism,reduce the inflammatory reaction,promote the decomposition of lipids and reduce the accumulation of abdominal fat in obese mice,and the mechanism may be related to the regulation of NLRP₃-neurotransmitter pathway by SAa B.