To study the chemical constituents of Agriolimax agrestis and the α-glycosidase inhibitory activity of its compounds.The chemical constituents of hexane extract from Agriolimax agrestis were isolated and purified by column chromatography,such as Sephadex LH-20,silica gel,Chromatorex C₁₈,etc.,and the structures of compounds identified by the NMR spectroscopic data analysis and comparison with literature.Fifteen compounds were obtained from the hexane extract of Agriolimax agrestis and their chemical structures identified as phenylethyl alcohol (1),palmitic acid (2),(Z)9-octadecenoic acid (3),1-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl(E)-octadec-9-enoate (4),heptacosane (5),dodecyl (Z)-9-hexadecenoate (6),cis,cis-diunsaturated α-meromycolic acid (7),1,2,3-propanetriyl(9Z,9′Z,9″Z)tris(-9-octadecenoate) (8),cholesterol (9),7-ketocholesterol (10),5-ene-3β,7α-diol (11),5-ene-3β,7β-diol (12),cholesteryl myristate (13),cholesteryl hepadecanoate (14),and ursolic acid (15).All compounds were isolated from Agriolimax agrestis for the first time except for compound 9.The screening results of α-glycosidase inhibitory activity show that 7 compounds have weak inhibitory activity on α-glycosidase.