Eucalyptus is an evergreen tree belonging to the Eucalyptus L. Herit of Myrtaceae family.There are more than 600 types of Eucalyptus in the world,mainly planted in tropical and subtropical regions around the world.Nearly 80 species of Eucalyptus were introduced into China,which mainly cultivated in south China.Guangdong and Guangxi are important production base for Eucalyptus planting.According to pharmacological research,the volatile oil of Eucalyptus showed insecticidal and repellent,anti-bacterial,anti-inflammatory,analgesic,and anti-oxidant activities.Research progress on chemical constituents and biological activities of 948 volatile oils from 120 Eucalyptus species were reviewed in this paper,including 685 terpenoids,29 aliphatic compounds,39 aromatic compounds and 195 other compounds,and in order to make references for further research on the constituents and pharmacological activities of the volatile oil of Eucalyptus.