The Chinese herb Polygonati Rhizoma,which is the dried rhizome of Polygonatum sibiricum Delar.ex Redoute,Polygonatum kingianum Coll.et Hemsl and Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua in genus Polygonatum,family Liliaceae,has a long history of medicinal use.The Polygonati Rhizoma polysaccharide is one of the most important active compounds in Polygonati Rhizoma,which has various biological activities such as antioxidant,immune modulation,anti-tumor,anti-osteoporosis,hypoglycemic,hypolipidemic and anti-atherosclerosis effects,etc.It has become a hot spot for the development and application research of Polygonati Rhizoma.In this article,the recent domestic and foreign literatures on the structural characteristics,biological activities and action mechanisms of Polygonati Rhizoma polysaccharides were summarized,which provide some reference for the in-depth research and development of Polygonati Rhizoma.