The purpose of this paper is to establish the UPLC characteristics spectrum method for the identification of four original plants of Rabdosiae Herba,Rabdosia serra (Maxim.) H.Hara,Rabdosia lophanthoides (Buch.-Ham.ex D.Don) H.Hara,Rabdosia lophanthoides var. graciliflora (Benth.) H.Hara and Rabdosia stracheyi (Benth.ex Hook.f.) Hara.The similarity evaluation of characteristic chromatograms,cluster analysis (CA),principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least square discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were combined,which was used to study the common components and differential components of four original plants of Rabdosiae Herba.19,24,26 and 21 characteristic peaks were determined from the characteristic chromatograms of R. serra, R.  lophanthoides, R. lophanthoides var. graciliflora and R. stracheyi.In addition to R.serra,the similarity of the samples of the other three original plants was high,but there were some differences in similarity between different original plants.R. serra could be clearly distinguished from the other three original plants by CA and PCA and OPLS-DA could be used to distinguish R. lophanthoides, R. lophanthoides var. graciliflora and R. stracheyi.The UPLC characteristics spectrum established in this study combined with chemometrics comprehensively reflected the chemical composition of four original plants of Rabdosiae Herba,and the method is simple,rapid and specific,which can provide a reference for the identification,quality analysis and evaluation of original plants of Rabdosiae Herba.