Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS) was used to identify the prototypical components and metabolites of Bairui Granules after gavage in rats,and to study the major in vivo metabolic processes.After oral administration of Bairui Granules to rats,blood sample data were collected by UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS,scanned simultaneously in positive and negative ion mode,and combined with the preliminary in vitro chemical compounds data as well as extracting the precise mass-to-charge ratios of each chemical components to carry out the study on the identification of the prototypical components and metabolites of Bairui granules in rats.As a result,a total of twenty prototypical components and ten metabolites were detected in rats,of which the prototypical components included six alkaloids,four flavonoids,three organic acids,etc.The main metabolic process included reduction and hydrolysis reaction,sulphation reaction and glucuronide binding reaction.This study provided a foundation for understanding the pharmacologically active substances in Bairui Granules and offered valuable insights into the development and utilization of the formulated medications.