This study aims to analyze the chemical constituents of Callicarpa kwangtungensis (CK) and investigate its neuroprotective activity.The chemical constituents of CK were identified by UPLC-QE Plus-MS/MS. By establishing an in vitro neuroinflammation model,the levels of nitric oxide (NO),interleukin-1β (IL-1β),and interleukin-6 (IL-6) inflammatory factors were detected,and the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured in combination with flow cytometry,and changes in cell morphology were observed using immunofluorescence to assess the neuroprotective effects of CK.A total of 108 compounds were identified in CK,including 34 phenylethanoid glycosides,10 phenylpropanoids,25 flavonoids,23 terpenoids,10 organic acids,2 organic aldehydes,and 4 others,of which 21 components were identified for the first time.The results of in vitro experiments showed that CK was able to inhibit lipopolysaccharide-induced expression levels of NO,IL-1β,IL-6,and ROS in BV2 cells and reverse the activation state of BV2 cells. In this study,the rapid analysis of the chemical components of CK was achieved by UPLC-QE Plus-MS/MS,and its neuroprotective activity was investigated,which provided an important theoretical basis for subsequent basic research on pharmacophore substances and the development of new drugs.