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    Research progress on chemical components and pharmacological effects of Polygonati Rhizoma and prediction analysis of quality marker
    WANG Cheng, YE Ju, HE Xu-guang, TANG Yuan-yuan
    NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (5): 881-899.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2024.5.017
    Abstract542)      PDF(pc) (2669KB)(472)       Save
    Polygonati Rhizoma is the rhizomes of Polygonatum sibiricum Red.,P. cyrtonema Hua or P. kingianum Coll. et Hemsl.in the plants of the Polygonatum Mill. in the Liliaceae family,with a long history of medicinal use,flat nature,sweet taste,spleen,lung,and kidney meridian.It is used for the treatment of lung deficiency and dry cough,weakness of the spleen and stomach,tiredness and fatigue,dry mouth and little food,deficiency of essence and blood,internal heat and thirst. In this paper,we reviewed the chemical components and modern pharmaceuticals,studied rhizoma polygonal odor,predicted and analyzed its quality markers (Q-markers) based on pharmacological activities,pharmacodynamic substances,phytopharmacology,herb compounding,processing and concocting,and network pharmacology.Preliminarily,baicalein,glycyrrhizin,β-sitosteroldiosgenin,5,4′-dihydroxyflavone,3′-methoxy-solo side,neo glycyrrhizin,and polysaccharides of flavonoids were identified as quality markers,which will provide a reference basis for the quality control and the clinical use of the drug.
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    Research progress on chemical components,pharmacological activities,and modern applications of Eucommiae Folium
    LI Wan-yu, ZHANG Jia-xu, XIE Xing-wen, SHI Xiao-feng
    NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (5): 900-917.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2024.5.018
    Abstract404)      PDF(pc) (2133KB)(468)       Save
    Eucommiae Folium is a traditional Chinese medicine included in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia and valued for their potential as a medicinal and edible herb.Modern research has shown that Eucommiae Folium contains various chemical components,including flavonoids,phenolic acids,lignans,and iridoids,which exhibit pharmacological activities such as antioxidation,blood pressure reduction,lipid-lowering,neuroprotection,and bone protection.At present,a large number of drugs,health products,and foods have been developed with Eucommiae Folium as the main drug or raw material,and have been applied in various fields such as medical treatment,chemical industry,and animal husbandry.This review summarizes the chemical components,pharmacological activities,and applications of Eucommiae Folium based on literature searches of domestic and foreign studies over the past 20 years,providing scientific evidence for future research and resource development.
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    Optimization of extraction process and composition analysis of essential oil from small yellow ginger in Yuexi
    MA Zhuo-yun, WANG Hong-xin
    NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (4): 562-571.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2024.4.002
    Abstract470)      PDF(pc) (1028KB)(462)       Save
    In order to determine the optimal extraction process for the essential oil of Yuexi small yellow ginger,investigate the effects of different extraction methods on the yield and microstructure of small yellow ginger essential oil,and establish a GC-MS detection method for the volatile substances of Yuexi small yellow ginger.In this study,steam distillation,ultrasonic-assisted steam distillation,ultrasonic-microwave synergistic assisted steam distillation and ultrasound-enzyme synergistic assisted steam distillation were used to extract the essential oil.The essential oil yields of each method were compared,and the method with the highest yield was selected to determine the optimal extraction process by one-way test and orthogonal optimization.The results showed that the highest yield of essential oils was obtained by ultrasound-enzyme synergistic assisted steam distillation and the optimal extraction process was as follows:soild-liquid ratio of 1∶3.5 (g/mL),ultrasonic temperature of 50 ℃,ultrasonic power of 400 W,ultrasonic time of 20 min,compound enzyme dosage (hemicellulase∶β-glucosidase=1∶1) 40 U/g,the enzymolysis temperature is 40 ℃,the pH of the enzyme is 5.5,the enzymolysis time is 2 h,and the extraction time is 45 min.Under these conditions,the yield of essential oil is 3.28%.Scanning electron microscopy of ginger pomace after essential oil extraction revealed that the cellular integrity of ginger pomace obtained by ultrasound-enzyme synergistic assisted steam distillation was the most severely disrupted,This indicates that the method is more thorough in the extraction of essential oils.A total of 75 volatile substances were extracted and identified from fresh ginger by headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) extraction and ultrasound-enzyme synergistic assisted steam distillation,Among them,49 species were identified by HS-SPME extraction,and 60 species were identified by ultrasound-enzyme synergistic assisted steam distillation.This study provides a new idea for the extraction of essential oils from small yellow ginger,and provides a reference basis for the deep processing and utilization of ginger.
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    Research status of kinsenoside
    ZHANG Wen-ting, YANG Min-jing, MEI Yu, WANG Ji-hua
    NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (2): 348-356.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2024.2.017
    Abstract435)      PDF(pc) (1097KB)(438)       Save
    Kinsenoside,a bioactive glycoside component extracted from the medicinal plant Anoectochilus roxburghii,has been proven to have significant pharmacological effects.This review has collected relevant literature on kinsenoside,especially for the research results published in recent years.After sorting out and analyzing,the research status of kinsenoside is mainly divided into three parts,namely the basic information of kinsenoside,including chemical structure,source species and factors affecting accumulation;summary of methods of separation and extraction,qualitative and quantitative detection,and artificial synthesis of kinsenoside;pharmacological effects of kinsenoside,including anti-hyperglycemia,anti-hyperliposis,hepatoprotection and relieve bone lesions,etc.Considering that the raw material resources of kinsenoside are scarce and the market application is limited due to high labor costs,we believe that by improving the extraction efficiency of kinsenoside in the genus Anoectochilus,developing more plants containing kinsenoside,or the improvement of cultivation efficiency and artificial synthesis technology,and other methods to solve production practice problems.In terms of pharmacological research,we support the use of dose toxicity tests on large primates,the development of targeted therapy strategies to improve the accuracy of treatment,and the precise intervention time points for the use of kinsenoside which lay the foundation for translational application in future clinical practice.
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    Study on the mechanism of Astragali Radix extract in treating hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy based on network pharmacology,molecular docking and experimental validation 
    SONG Li-ya, LI Li-hua, BI Si-tong
    NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (3): 520-527.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2024.3.015
    Abstract399)      PDF(pc) (1307KB)(436)       Save
    Network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques were used to explore the mechanism of Astragali Radix extract in the treatment of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE).ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) was studied and verified.The main active components and gene targets of Astragali Radix extract were obtained through TCMSP,UniProt,GeneCards and OMIN databases,and HIE related targets were obtained through GeneCards database.The "active ingredient-drug target" network of Astragali Radix extract was constructed using Cytoscape software.PDB and TCMSP databases were used to obtain the molecular structure,and SYBYL-X2.1 software was used to simulate the molecular docking.The rat model was established and the expression of key proteins was detected by Western blot.According to the TCMSP database,a total of 70 active components and 350 related targets of Astragali Radix extract were obtained.After removing repeated targets and gene annotation,120 targets of active components of Astragali Radix extract were obtained.By mapping 120 targets of Astragali Radix extract with the first 242 targets of HIE (correlation score >5),18 potential targets of Astragali Radix extract for HIE were selected.4-Hydroxycinnamic acid,cis-ferulic acid,astrapterocarpan,hederagenin and kumatakenin were found to be the key active ingredients.Eighteen potential targets were input into STRING for protein interaction analysis,and a total of three core targets (degree>30) were found,which were respectively inducible nitric oxide synthase 2(NOS2),prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2),superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1).Animal experiments showed that Astragali Radix extract could reduce the expression of NOS2,PTGS2,MAPK4 and CASP8 proteins in the hippocampus of rat models.Through network pharmacological analysis and experimental verification,it is concluded that Astragali Radix extract can inhibit neuronal apoptosis and protect nerve cells through multi-target and multi-pathway.
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    Research progress on the application of extracts from Periplaneta americana in cosmetics
    SUN Xin-yu, CHEN Xin-yu, ZHANG Long, XIANG Shao-wei, XI Ya-nan, WANG Ling
    NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (增刊2): 151-157.  
    Abstract51)      PDF(pc) (816KB)(432)       Save
    The in-depth research on the biological activity of Periplaneta americana and its extract has garnered significant attention due to its potential effects on anti-aging,soothing,anti-sensitivity,and repairing damaged skin.This extract is rich in protein,amino acids,vitamins,and other nutrients,offering a variety of functions.Furthermore,it possesses antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,and antibacterial effects,which can enhance skin quality and alleviate skin issues caused by inflammation or infection.Additionally,it has the capacity to stimulate collagen synthesis and skin  regeneration, making it valuable in combating aging and repairing damaged skin.Moreover,it aids in soothing the skin,thereby reducing sensitivity and redness.This paper provides a brief summary of the current research status of the functional components,pharmacological effects,and efficacy of P. americana in cosmetics.It also discusses the mechanism of action of its extract or active ingredient in skincare,while also prospecting the application of P. americana extract in cosmetics.This offers a theoretical basis for its widespread application in cosmetic development and photomedical beauty,thereby promoting the healthy and rapid development of the P. americana industry.
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    Anti-breast cancer mechanism of Alocasia cucullata based on UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS and network pharmacology
    WANG Peng, CHEN Ya, PENG Lan-chun, ZHENG Qing-zhu, CHEN Ting, PENG Jiang-li, PENG Qiu-xian
    NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (4): 675-693.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2024.4.015
    Abstract447)      PDF(pc) (4079KB)(428)       Save
    In this study,UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS technology and network pharmacology strategy were used to explore the pharmacodynamic material basis and mechanism of anti-breast cancer of petroleum ether fraction of Alocasia cucullata (EAC).The anti-breast cancer effect and mechanism of EAC in vivo were verified by 4T1 breast cancer tumor-bearing mouse model.Based on UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS data,41 chemical components of EAC were identified,including 11 aromatic compounds,8 terpene compounds,5 alkaloid compounds,4 fatty acid compounds,2 coumarin compounds,and 11 other compounds.Network pharmacology identified 556 potential target proteins for the identified compounds.PPI analysis identified 10 core targets,including MAPK1 and Bcl-2.Enrichment analysis suggested that these core targets might exert anticancer effects through pathways like MAPK and PI3K-Akt,related to cell apoptosis.Molecular docking confirmed the strong binding ability of active components like digitoxigenin with apoptosis-related proteins such as pERK,Bcl-2,and Bax.The results of the anticancer activity study showed that compared to the model group,the tumor growth trend was slower in the low,medium,and high-dose EAC groups.Tumor mass decreased,and the tumor inhibition rate increased gradually.The spleen index showed significant differences in the medium and high-dose EAC groups,while the low-dose EAC group did not show significant effects (P <0.05).HE staining revealed loosely arranged cells with unclear outlines in the tumor tissues of the treated groups.ELISA analysis of mouse serum revealed decreased levels of IL-1β and TNF-α in the high and medium-dose EAC groups,as well as in the positive control group treated with 5-fluorouracil.Animal validation experiments demonstrated that EAC,at different concentrations,downregulated the expression of p-ERK protein in the MAPK signaling pathway (P <0.01),with no significant differences observed in the levels of ERK,JNK,p-38,p-JNK,and p-p38 proteins.EAC significantly increased the levels of Bax/Bcl-2 proteins and gene expression in mouse breast cancer tissues.In conclusion,EAC can down-regulate p-ERK protein levels,promote cancer cell apoptosis,and inhibit the growth of 4T1 breast cancer tumors in mice.
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    Mechanisms of caffeoylquinic acids from Erigeron breviscapus in delaying aging through regulating the PI3K/Akt/FoxO3a pathway
    PU Yuan-zhu, CHEN Hai-feng, SU Can
    NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (5): 737-747.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2024.5.001
    Abstract486)      PDF(pc) (2222KB)(425)       Save
    To investigate the anti-aging effect of caffeoylquinic acid from Erigeron breviscapus (EBCQA),and explore its underlying mechanism of action. Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) was used as a model to investigate the impact of EBCQA on its lifespan,oxidative and thermal resistance,motility,nuclear translocation of DAF-16,enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD),glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px),catalase (CAT),and malondialdehyde (MDA) content.The aging rat model was established by intraperitoneal injection of D-galactose,and the effects of EBCQA on its learning and memory ability,thymus and spleen coefficients,the expression of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K),Akt/protein kinase B (Akt),phosphp-Akt (p-Akt),forkhead box class O3a (FOXO3a) and phosphp-FOXO3a (p-FOXO3a) in liver,the enzyme activities of SOD,GSH-Px,CAT,and MDA content in liver and serum were assessed.The results showed that EBCQA was able to extend lifespan of wild-type nematodes,enhance oxidative resistance,thermal resistance,and motility,but it has no significant effects on the lifespan of mutant strains of nematode orthologs of PI3K,Akt,and FoxO3a.Furthermore,EBCQA could promote DAF-16 nuclear translocation,elevate the SOD,GSH-Px,CAT activities and decrease MDA levels in a DAF-16 dependent manner.In D-galactose-induced aging rat,the administration of EBCQA notably improved the learning and memory function,increased thymus and spleen coefficients,reduced the protein expression of PI3K,Akt,p-Akt,p-FoxO3a and MDA content,enhanced SOD,GSH-Px,CAT activities.The above results indicate that EBCQA has an anti-aging effect and the mechanism may be attributed to its potential inhibition of PI3K and Akt activation,reduction of FOXO3a phosphorylation,promotion of FOXO3a nuclear translocation and transcriptional activity,enhancement of antioxidant enzyme activity,and inhibition of oxidative stress.
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    Chemical composition analysis of Fenghuang Xuecha based on UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS coupled with GNPS#br#
    WU Juan, GONG You-lan, TENG Jian-yu, WANG Ya-jing, FENG Min, ZHOU Si-qian, LONG Hong-ping
    NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (9): 1484-1498.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2024.9.004
    Abstract442)      PDF(pc) (2239KB)(415)       Save
    Fenghuang Xuecha is a Chinese herbal used for medicinal and dietary purposes,which has great development value.Ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS) coupled with global natural products social molecular networking (GNPS) were used to analysis and identify the chemical components of Fenghuang Xuecha leaves rapidly.The mass spectrometry data were collected by positive and negative ion modes,the chemical components were identified through software analysising,database matching,reference materials comparing and so on,and created the molecular network based on the similarity of the MS/MS fragments.A total of Fifty eight components in Fenghuang Xuecha leaves,the main chemical constituents included 33 flavonoids,11 phenols,four  alkaloids,three triterpenoids and other compounds.Thirty-two compounds were identified for the first time in the genus,such as protocatechuic acid-4-glucoside,myricetin-3-rutinoside,asiatic acid and so on.Meanwhile,the mass fragmentation pattern of each category of compound and the nodes of the flavonoid network correlation analysis were further explored.In this study,LC-MS combined with GNPS could systematic analysis and quickly acquire the ingredients of Fenghuang Xuecha,which will provid reference for its clinical application,quality control and pharmacological material basis.
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    Mechanism of Curcumae Rhizoma-Trionycis Carapax drug pair in the treatment of liver fibrosis based on network pharmacology,molecular docking and experiment validation
    ZHOU Yu-jiao, LIAO Shan-shan, GAO Pan, YANG Yu-min, LI Qiu-xing, QIN Xu-hua, JIN Shen-rui
    NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (5): 856-867.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2024.5.015
    Abstract547)      PDF(pc) (3045KB)(411)       Save
    The mechanism of Curcumae Rhizoma-Trionycis Carapax drug pair (CRTC) in treating liver fibrosis was explored by using network pharmacology,molecular docking technology and experiment validation.Firstly,we collected the chemical components and targets information of Curcumae Rhizoma (CR) and Trionycis Carapax (TC);then merged the targets of the two drugs and removed duplicates.We used diverse disease databases to obtain genes information related to liver fibrosis.And we extracted the intersection targets of CRTC and liver fibrosis,further visualized the network of “drugs-potential active ingredients-potential targets”.We imported intersection targets into the STRING database to construct a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network;performed GO function and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis and visualization,and then used AutodockVina software to construct molecular docking models.Finally,the targets and pathways predicted by network pharmacology were experimentally validated through in vivo experiments.Totally,65 intersection targets between CRTC and liver fibrosis were identified.In PPI network,the top 4 with the highest node connection values are interleukin-6 (IL-6),Akt serine/threonine kinase 1(AKT1),signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3) and peroxisome proliferative activated receptor gamma(PPARG),respectively.GO functional enrichment analysis involved 1 025 biological processes,41 cell components,and 84 molecular functions.KEGG pathway enrichment analysis identified 149 pathways,including key pathways such as EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance.Molecular docking results showed that IL-6,STAT3 and other core targets had good binding activity with their corresponding components.The in vivo animal experimental results confirmed that CRTC can improve the pathological morphology of liver fibrosis and significantly inhibit the expression of IL-6,EGFR,and STAT3.In conclusion,CRTC acts against liver fibrosis through multiple targets and multiple pathways,its mechanism is related to the IL-6/EGFR/STAT axis predicted by network pharmacology and molecular docking.
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    Development and application of Angelica sinensis polysaccharides:a review
    YIN Kai, SHI Yu-cun, HOU Xiao-ying, GAO Fan, WU Guo-tai
    NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (增刊2): 143-150.  
    Abstract48)      PDF(pc) (737KB)(409)       Save
    Angelica sinensis is a frequently used traditional Chinese medicine with traditional medicinal and food ingredients,and A. sinensis polysaccharide is one of its effective components,which has a wide range of pharmacological effects such as blood tonicity,anti-inflammation,and antioxidant.With the continuous development of extraction and purification of natural polysaccharides from traditional Chinese medicine and structural analysis technologies,the number of A. sinensis polysaccharides,their composition and chemical structure have been constantly improved,which reflects the characteristics of biodegrad ability,lower difficulty of structural modification,natural liver targeted and so on,and it has a brilliant prospect for drug carriers.In this paper,the new developments in the structural analysis,extraction and purification,and expanded application of A. sinensis polysaccharides are summarised to provide reference for the further development and utilisation of A. sinensis polysaccharides.
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    Chemical constituents and anti-inflammatory activity of Pimpinella candolleana (Ⅱ)
    WANG Yang, XUE Jing-yi, LEI Yan, PAN Jie, YANG Chang, LI Yong-jun, MA Xue
    NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (8): 1357-1367.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2024.8.009
    Abstract414)      PDF(pc) (1075KB)(407)       Save
    This study aims to explore the chemical constituents and anti-inflammatory activities of extracts from Pimpinella candolleana.The 70% ethanol extract from P. candolleana were isolated by different chromatographic procedures including silica gel,ODS gel,D101 macroporous resin and MCI resin column.The structures of the compounds were identified by comparing the spectral data with the literature.Their potential anti-inflammatory effects were evaluated on murine macrophage cell line (RAW 264.7) stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS).Twenty-five compounds were isolated and identified as 1-hydroxy-2,3,4,7-tetramethoxyxanthone(1),1-hydroxy-2,3,4,6-tetramethoxyxanthone(2), bellidifolin(3), desmethylbellidifolin(4), swertianolin(5), swertiajaponin(6),isoswertiajaponin(7),luteolin-7-O-β-D-rutinoside(8),luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-[6′′′-O-caffeoyl]-β-D-glucopyranoside(9),luteolin-4′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(10),luteolin-6-C-β-L-fucoside(11),orientin(12),isoorientin(13),quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(14),apigenin(15),quercetin-3-O-β-D-(6″-caffeoylgalactoside)(16), tricin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(17),puerarin(18),vitexin(19),ombuin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(20), ombuin-3-O-β-D-galacopyranoside(21), rhamnetin-3-O-β-D-galactopyranoside(22),rhamnetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(23),isorhamnetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(24),chrysoeriol-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(25).Compounds 13-15 were firstly isolated from this plant.Furthermore,compounds 1-12,16-25 were isolated from the genus Pimpinella for the first time.The results of bioassay showed that compounds 1-3,6-10,12-15,17-20,23,25 exhibited different degrees of inhibitory effect against NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells and displayed potential anti-inflammatory activity.
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    Toddalia asiatica promotes lipopolysaccharide-induced autophagy and inhibits inflammation in RAW 264.7 cells based on the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway
    ZHANG Zong-xing, JIANG Lu, LIU Dao-zhong, HOU Zi-ming, TIAN Meng-jie, TAO Bo-nan, FENG Jia, YUAN Lin
    NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2023, 35 (4): 573-583.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2023.4.003
    Abstract1329)      PDF(pc) (1863KB)(403)       Save
    The root of the Rutaxaceae plant Toddalia asiatica (L.) Lam is a natural Tujia Chinese herbal medicine with anti-inflammatory,anti-rheumatic,anti-tumor,anti-microbial and other pharmacological activities.Its characteristics of small poisonous side effects and remarkable curative effect make it a hot spot in current research.Many natural products had been shown to inhibit inflammation and autoimmune diseases by targeting PI3K/AKT/mTOR mediated autophagy.In this study,the effect of TAAE on autophagy was studied by regulating PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway,and RAW 264.7 cells were induced by LPS to establish an inflammatory model.Cytotoxicity detection kit was used to detect the effect of TAAE on cell viability,the concentration and intervention time of the drug were screened out.Transmission electron microscopy and MDC staining were used to detect the biological function of macrophages.The levels of inflammatory factors in the supernatant were detected by ELISA,and the expression levels of autophagy and pathway-related proteins were detected by Western blot.The effects of autophagy on inflammation and signaling pathways were further verified by using an early autophagy inhibitor (3-MA) and pathway PI3K agonist (740Y-P).The results indicated that TAAE may inhibit the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway,promote the formation of autophagic vesicles,fusion and degradation of autophagosomal lysosomes,and reduce the expression and secretion of inflammatory cytokines in RAW 264.7 cells treated with LPS.Overall,the results of this study provide a new clue for the research of the anti-inflammatory mechanism of Toddalia asiatica,and provide a theoretical basis for better clinical application of Toddalia asiatica in the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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    Study on the mechanism of modified Buyang Huanwu Decoction in preventing and treating atherosclerosis through Nrf2/ARE pathway
    FAN Zeng-guang, YUAN Ye, OUYANG Xiao-qiang, ZHAO Yong-fa
    NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (4): 644-652.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2024.4.011
    Abstract466)      PDF(pc) (2661KB)(401)       Save
    Based on the therapy of benefiting the heart and removing blood stasis and phlegm,this paper discusses the mechanism of modified Buyang Huanwu Decoction (BHD) in preventing atherosclerosis by regulating nuclear factor E2 related factor 2(Nrf2)/antioxidant response element(ARE) signaling pathway.This study selected ApoE-/- mice for model replication.After successful model replication,50 ApoE-/- mice were randomly divided into model group,modified BHD (low,medium and high doses) group,and atorvastatin group,with ten mice in each group;Ten wild-type ApoE-/- mice with C57BL/6J background as a control group.Starting from the 9th week,gavage was administered continuously for four weeks.HE and Oil Red O staining methods were used to observe the pathological and morphological changes of mouse aortic sinuses.Immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expression levels of advanced oxidative protein product(AOPP) and reactive oxygen species(ROS).Biochemical analyzer determination was used to detect the expression levels of blood fat in mouse serum.ELISA method was used to detect the expression levels of oxidative stress related factors such as malondialdehyde(MDA),superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in mouse serum.Western blot method was used to detect the expressions of sirtuin1(SIRT1),Nrf2,heme oxygenase-1(HO-1) and NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase(NQO1) proteins in mouse aorta.RT-PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of HO-1 and NQO1 genes.These results showed that modified BHD could improve the pathological changes of aortic sinus in AS model mice(P<0.01),reduce the lipid content in the aortic sinus of AS model mice(P<0.05),reduce the expression levels of AOPP and ROS proteins in aortic plaques(P<0.01),increase the expression level of how-density lipoprotein cholesterol in mouse serum(P<0.01),and reduce the expression levels of total cholesterol,triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P<0.01),increase the expression levels of SOD and GSH-Px(P<0.01),and reduce the expression level of MDA(P<0.01),upregulate the expression levels of SIRT1,Nrf2,HO-1 and NQO1 proteins in mouse aorta(P<0.01),and it could also upregulate the mRNA expression levels of HO-1 and NQO1 genes in the mouse aorta(P<0.01).These findings indicated that modified BHD exerts an anti AS effect by regulating oxidative stress damage,and some mechanisms may be related to the activation of Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway.
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    Research progress on chemical compositions and pharmacological effects of Fritillariae Pallidiflorae Bulbus
    DONG Yuan-qiu, LEI Ting, ZHANG Jin-qiang
    NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (增刊2): 131-142.  
    Abstract38)      PDF(pc) (1427KB)(401)       Save
    Fritillariae Pallidiflorae Bulbus is the dried bulb of Fritillaria walujewii or F. pallidiflora,which is mainly produced in Xinjiang.It has the effect of clearing heat and moisturizing the lung,resolving phlegm and relieving cough.It is often used in the clinical treatment of lung heat dry cough,dry cough with less phlegm,Yin deficiency and cough with blood and other symptoms.There are a variety of active ingredients in the Fritillariae Pallidiflorae Bulbus,108 chemical compounds,including 36 alkaloids,16 steroidal saponins,5 steroidal glycoalkaloids,7 polysaccharides,4 coumarins,4 nucleosides,21 organic acids and esters,and 15 other compounds were identified.These ingredients has expectorant,and asthma,cough,anti-tumor,antioxidant,antibacterial,anti-inflammatory,nerve protection and so on the many kinds of pharmacological activities.This article reviews the research status of chemical components and pharmacological effects of Fritillariae Pallidiflorae Bulbus,in order to provide reference for the understanding and research of chemical components and pharmacological effects of Fritillariae Pallidiflorae Bulbus,and provide basis for the in-depth development and utilization of medicinal materials.
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    Isolation,purification and structural determination of oligosaccharides from Morinda officinalis How.
    HUANG Wen-wen, WU Shao-hui, WANG Yu-bo, LIU Shan-shan, ZHANG Mei, TIAN Rong-rong, WANG Wei
    NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (增刊2): 43-48.  
    Abstract31)      PDF(pc) (458KB)(400)       Save
    In order to better exploit and utilize oligosaccharides from Morinda officinalis How.,oligosaccharides from M. officinalis were isolated and purified from the herb powder of M. officinalis.The herb powder of  M. officinalis was first extracted by water bath reflux extraction to obtain the water extract part,and then separated by activated carbon column chromatography to obtain crude extract of oligosaccharide.Finally,eight oligosaccharides including kestose,kestostetraose,kestopentaose,kestohexaos,inulotriose,inulotetraose,inulopentaose and inulohexaose were obtained by twice preparation by gel purification system and once preparation by preparative liquid chromatography.The purity of the eight oligosaccharide monomers was tested by liquid chromatography,and their structures were identified by high resolution mass spectrometry,infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
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    Protective effect and molecular dynamics simulation of licochalcone A on PC12 cells damaged by neurotoxin
    YAO Juan, LIU Yuan-yuan, ZHANG Min, LIU Xue-feng, JIN Xiao-jie
    NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (12): 2008-2015.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2024.12.002
    Abstract85)      PDF(pc) (1576KB)(399)       Save
    This study investigated the protective effect of licochalcone A (LCA) on PC12 cells damaged by the neurotoxin 6-hydroxy-dopamine (6-OHDA),elucidated its mechanism through molecular simulation.At first,the study determined the scavenging activity of LCA on ABTS and DPPH free radicals in vitro.Secondly,the experiment measured the content of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in cell medium and employed the MTT assay to evaluate the protective efficacy of LCA against 6-OHDA-induced damage in PC12 cells. 2′,7′-Dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) staining was used to determine the effect of LCA on reactive oxygen species in PC12 cells injured by 6-OHDA.The contents of total glutathione (GSH),superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in each group were detected to evaluate the endogenous antioxidant capacity.The effect of LCA on the expression of nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2(Nrf2) protein was analyzed by Western blot.Finally,molecular docking and simulation methods were utilized to study the binding site and ability of LCA on Keap1 protein,and calculate and analysis its absorption,distribution,metabolism,excretion,toxicity (ADMET).The results indicated that LCA possesses significant free radical scavenging activity in vitro.Treatment with LCA markedly enhanced PC12 cell viability under 6-OHDA stress,diminished reactive oxygen species production,and elevated GSH,SOD,and T-AOC levels under these conditions.Furthermore,Western blot analysis revealed that LCA treatment increased the expression of Nrf2 protein.Molecular docking and dynamic simulations confirmed stable covalent bonding between LCA and Keap1 proteins,ADMET prediction suggesting that LCA could be a promising therapeutic agent.These observations suggest that LCA confers protection to PC12 cells damaged by 6-OHDA by modulating endogenous antioxidant responses within biological systems.
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    Mechanism of Lifei tablets in treating chronic bronchitis based on network pharmacology and molecular docking
    XU Zhe-yu, ZHOU Jie, YU Hui-fan
    NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (增刊2): 114-121.  
    Abstract71)      PDF(pc) (1958KB)(399)       Save
    This study aims to explore the potential mechanism of Lifei tablets in the treatment of chronic bronchitis through network pharmacology and molecular docking methods. CMSP, OMIM and DisGent databases were used to find the active components and gene targets for chronic bronchitis.STRING and MetaScape platforms were used to construct the protein interaction (PPI) network and the active ingredient-common target-signal pathway network of Lifei Tablet for the treatment of chronic bronchitis.A total of 128 active ingredients,531 active ingredient related targets,174 disease related targets,and 33 intersection targets were obtained.There were ten core therapeutic targets.The intersection targets were analyzed,among which 2 548 biological processes,191 molecular functions and 97 cell compositions were obtained by GO enrichment analysis. In summary,Lifei tablets may regulate targets such as TNF,TP53,CXCL8,IL1B,IL6,IL4,IL1 and CD4,and participate in the synthesis and transport of cytoplasmic regulatory factors,thereby controlling cell proliferation and apoptosis to improve the condition of chronic bronchitis.
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    Potential mechanism of prune juice concentrate in improving functional constipation based on network pharmacology and clinical trial
    LI Xuan, WANG Shan-shan, HUANG Jia-min, XUE Lai-zhou, ZHAO Yu-fei, ZOU Liao-nan
    NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (增刊2): 122-130.  
    Abstract171)      PDF(pc) (974KB)(399)       Save
    This study aims to investigate the potential mechanism of action of prune juice concentrate to improve functional constipation based on network pharmacology and clinical trials.Liquid chromatography-refractive index (LC-RI) was used to detect the major components of prune juice.Gene targets of the main components of prune juice were predicted from the DrugBank database,the SwissTarget prediction database and published literature.Targets related to functional constipation were collected from TargetNet database,UniProt database,and GeneCards database.Take the intersection of active ingredient targets and functional constipation targets to make a Venn diagram.Clinical trials were conducted to verify the efficacy of prune juice concentrate in improving functional constipation.Forty-one patients with functional constipation were collected from the outpatient clinic of the Department of Anorectal and Intestinal Surgery of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from March to August 2023.The experiment was conducted using the before-and-after control method and the experimental period was 14 days.constipation severity instrument (CSI),patient assessment of constipation quality of life (PAC-QOL) were used as observation indicators.Experiment results showed that the main components of prune juice concentrate were sorbitol,malic acid,quinic acid,3-hydroxy-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid,fructose,etc.Screening yielded 155 active components of sorbitol,and 84 targets of sorbitol for the treatment of functional constipation.The results of the clinical trial showed that the experimental samples were 41 people,of which three people fell off,and the total effective rate of the experiment was 97.4% (35/38).PAC-QOL and constipation severity scores of the patients after consuming prune juice were significantly reduced compared with those before treatment (all P < 0.001).In terms of safety,no significant adverse effects were observed in patients before and after consumption.This study shows that prune juice concentrate can improve functional constipation through multi-components and multi-targets,and it can alleviate the accompanying symptoms of constipation in patients with good safety and improve the quality of life.
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    Chemical constituents from Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua in Jiuhua Mountain and their anti-inflammatory activity
    ZHANG Yu, XIA Cheng-han, WU Jiang-ping, WANG Guo-dong, HAN Jun
    NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (7): 1149-1157.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2024.7.006
    Abstract551)      PDF(pc) (707KB)(396)       Save
    This study aims to investigate the chemical constituents from the massive rhizomes of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua in Jiuhua Mountain,together with their inflammatory activities.Sixteen compounds were isolated and purified from the 85% ethanol extract of the title plant by using systematic separation methods,including silica gel column chromatography,MCI column chromatography,Sephadex LH-20 gel column chromatography and semi-preparative liquid chromatography.Their structures were identified as polygodoside H (1),polygonatumoside G (2),25(S)-funkioside B (3),typaspidoside A (4),rutin (5),luteolin-7-O-rutinoside (6),kaempferol-7-O-β-D-glucoside (7),quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (8),apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucoside (9),lariciresinol glycoside (10),5-O-caffeoylquinic acid methyl ester (11),4-O-caffeoylquinic acid methyl ester (12),3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid methyl ester (13),3,4-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid methyl ester (14),4,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid methyl ester (15),trans-p-coumaric acid methyl ester (16) by 1H NMR,13C NMR and HR-ESI-MS.All the compounds are isolated from this plant for the first time. Biologically,all compounds were subjected to evaluate their anti-inflammatory activities via inhibiting NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells in vitro.The results indicated that compounds 1-3,5-8 showed a moderate inhibitory effect against NO production with IC50 values of 8.28-41.85 μmol/L and without cytotoxicity against the cells,showing a certain degree of anti-inflammatory activity.
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    Study on the metabolites of the potato scab pathogen strain Streptomyces bobili K6 from Xinjiang 
    HE Wei, LIU Xiao-lu, LUO Wen-fang, ZHOU Jun-hui, HOU Xin-qiang, GUO Rui, XU Jian-jun, SONG Su-qin
    NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (增刊2): 37-42.  
    Abstract65)      PDF(pc) (534KB)(386)       Save
    The secondary metabolites of Streptomyces bobili K6,a pathogen of potato scab in Xinjiang,were isolated by silica gel column chromatography and preparative HPLC. The fermentation broth of strain K6 yielded five monoterpene compounds,which were identified as p-methoxybenzoic acid (1),N-acetylhomocysteine thiolactone (2),1-(1H-indol-5-yl)ethanone (3),phenazine-1-carboxamide (4),and 4-deoxy-ε-pyrromycinone (5) through mass spectrometry and spectroscopy analysis. Notably,compound 3 was reported here for the first time as a natural product. Antibacterial assays revealed that compound 4 exhibited potent activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis,with a minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) of 12.5 μg/mL. Furthermore,compound 5 demonstrated antifungal activity against Candida albicans,with an MIC value of 25 μg/mL. In terms of antitumor effects,compound 5 displayed moderate inhibition on the proliferation of HCT-116 colon cancer cells and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells,resulting in inhibition rates of 88.63% and 80.96%,respectively. This study lays the foundation for further development of novel antibacterial agents and anticancer drugs derived from Streptomyces.
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    Mechanism of Sappan Lignum in the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy based on network pharmacology and molecular docking
    LIU Ying-zhe, LYU Rong, XIA Zhao-chen, WANG Yan, WANG He, LAN Dong-xue, LI Xi-wei, ZHANG Ying-qi, ZHOU Ya-bin
    NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (增刊2): 94-106.  
    Abstract96)      PDF(pc) (2243KB)(385)       Save
    In this study,network pharmacology,molecular docking and experimental verification were used to explore the mechanism of Sappan Lignum in the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN).The chemical professional database,ETCM database and literature were used to query the components of Sappan Lignum,the active components of Sappan Lignum were screened by SwissADME platform,and the potential targets were predicted by PharmMapper database.At the same time,the targets related to DPN disease were screened from GeneCards,DrugBank and OMIM databases,and the intersection targets were selected.The protein interaction relationship was obtained by STRING11.5,and the component-target protein interaction network was constructed by Cytoscape 3.8.2 software.Then GO and KEGG enrichment analysis was carried out through Metascape database,and molecular docking was carried out by Autodock combined with Pymol,At the same time,the anti-DPN inflammation and oxidation effects of Sappan Lignum extract were experimentally verified.Finally,a total of 93 active components of Sappan Lignum were screened out,and 109 key targets for treating DPN were identified.Among them,rhamnetin,brazilin,brazilein, sappanchalcone,butein, quercetin and other components have the effect of improving peripheral neuropathy,which may be through estrogen receptor alpha(ESR1),insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF1),Caspase 3(CASP3),peroxisome proliferator activator receptor gamma(PPARG),matrix metalloproteinase-2(MMP-2),matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9),epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR),RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase(Akt1),albumin(ALB),proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase src(SRC) and other targets mediate PI3K-Akt signaling pathway,MAPK signaling pathway,AGE-RAGE signaling pathway and HIF.Molecular docking verification showed that the active components had good docking activity with AKT1,CASP3 and MMP-9.It was found that Sappan Lignum extract could reduce the contents of serum tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-6(IL-6) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1),and increase the content of serum SOD.This study found that Sappan Lignum played an intervention role in the treatment of DPN through multi-components,multi-targets and multi-pathways,which provides a new direction for the basic and clinical research of Sappan Lignum in the treatment of DPN.
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    Effect of different processing methods on the content of three active ingredient and total ash of Chrysanthemi Flos
    MA Ling-zhen, WU Xing-mei, LI Yue-xia, LU Tu-lin
    NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (增刊2): 59-66.  
    Abstract35)      PDF(pc) (1081KB)(385)       Save
    Three active components such as chlorogenic acid and total ash content were determined after different drying methods of Chrysanthemi Flos,and this was used as the basis for screening Chrysanthemi Flos treatment methods,in order to get the best processing method of Chrysanthemi Flos.Firstly,the same batch of fresh Chrysanthemi Flos were processed using five drying methods:sun drying,drying,traditional shade drying,steaming followed by drying,and steaming followed by sun drying.Then,high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to analyze the content of chlorogenic acid,luteoloside,and 3,5-O-dicaffeoyl quinic acid in the Chrysanthemi Flos samples obtained from the five different drying methods,and the total ash content of Chrysanthemi Flos was determined according to the relevant provisions of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia.The results showed that under five different drying methods,the total ash content of Chrysanthemi Flos ranged from 5.26% to 6.85%.The content of chlorogenic acid is 2 385.15-3 783.96 μg/g.The content of luteoloside is 84.74-618.92 μg/g.The content of 3,5-O-dicaffeoyl quinic acid is 3 359.78-5 438.49 μg/g.The total content of Chrysanthemi Flos obtained by drying method is the highest,followed by shade drying method,steaming and drying method,sun drying method,and steaming and drying method;The total ash content of Chrysanthemi Flos obtained by sun drying method is the highest,followed by shade drying method,steaming followed by sun drying method,drying method,and steaming followed by drying method.
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    Study on the serum migration components of Stellera chamaejasme in rats with rheumatoid arthritis
    YU Shu-juan, Huyiligeqi, BAO Li-ming, Anqilimuge, BAI Mei-rong
    NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (增刊2): 49-53.  
    Abstract30)      PDF(pc) (884KB)(385)       Save
    In this study,UPLC-MS technology was used to detect the serum migration components of Stellera chamaejasme in rats with rheumatoid arthritis,and preliminarily evaluate the material basis,so as to laid a foundation for the further development and utilization of S. chamaejasme.After the chemical components of blank samples,medicated serum samples and in vitro samples (S. chamaejasme) were detected by UPLC-MS technology,the endogenous components in serum were removed from the medicated serum compounds,and then compared with the compounds obtained from in vitro samples.It is speculated that 19 serum migration components were detected under the positive ion mode in the drug-containing serum after oral administration of S. chamaejasme in rats.Among them,six components including bufalin,gelsemine,harmine,5-fluorouracil,malonic acid,and crocetin were related to the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.Therefore,serum migration components of S. chamaejasme,including bufalin,gelsemine,harmine,5-fluorouracil,malonic acid,and crocetin may play a role in treating rheumatoid arthritis.
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    Identification and antimicrobial activity of a strain of Paenibacillus elgii
    CHEN Li, HUANG Sheng, SU Guo-qi, YANG Fei-yun, HUANG Jin-xiu, QI Ren-li, LIU Zuo-hua
    NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (9): 1499-1511.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2024.9.005
    Abstract479)      PDF(pc) (1588KB)(385)       Save
    This study was conducted to screen the microorganisms producing novel natural antimicrobial substances.The target strains were screened by co-culture method;the strains were identified by 16S rDNA,physiological and biochemical properties,and whole genome sequencing;and the stability of the antimicrobial substances,the prediction of secondary metabolites in the genome of the strains,and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) were utilized to study the biological properties of the antimicrobial substances.The results showed that a strain named Paenibacillus elgii CL-1 was screened from the soil,which produced antimicrobial substances with broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties and was resistant to catalase,pepsin,trypsin,proteinase K,and acid/base,and unstable at high temperatures.The antiSMASH analysis was used to find out that Paenibacillus elgii CL-1 contains 17 secondary metabolite gene clusters,including penisin and octapeptin C4. Further analysis revealed that the antimicrobial substances isolated and purified from the fermentation broth of CL-1 by high-performance liquid chromatography had a broad antimicrobial spectrum and good antimicrobial activity,with a minimum inhibitory concentration value of up to 1 μg/mL.Through mass spectrometry analysis,it was found that the Bacillus-like bacterium Paenibacillus elgii CL-1 was able to produce pelgipeptin B,which has a broad antimicrobial spectrum,good stability,and strong antimicrobial activity.The present study provides a chassis strain for the exploration of the natural antimicrobial drug pelgipeptin B and lays a foundation for its research and development as well as its application.
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    Preparation and performance evaluation of rose dew mask
    FENG Jun-qiao, LI Qi, WEI Jie, NIU Yun-wei, ZHANG Wan
    NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (增刊2): 73-82.  
    Abstract53)      PDF(pc) (1637KB)(381)       Save
    A mask with realistic natural characteristic aroma of roses,whitening,moisturizing and antioxidant effects was prepared using rose dew as raw material,and its preparation process and performance were investigated.The properties of the mask such as moisturizing,whitening and antioxidant were investigated by single-factor experiment,and the best formulation of the rose dew mask was determined by using orthogonal experiment.The results showed that the best formulation of the rose dew mask was glycerol 5.5%,aloe extract 0.6%,hydrolyzed sodium hyaluronate 0.3%,glutathione 0.06%,resveratrol 0.1% and rose dew 2.1%.The scavenging rate of DPPH free radicals by rose dew mask was 93.98%;the inhibition rate of tyrosinase was 71.74%.The moisturizing rates of the mask were 81.95% and 81.82% after being left at relative humidity 43% and 81% for 8 h,and 72.59% and 75.27% after being left for 24 h,respectively.The correlation between six raw materials and five sensory indicators of 18 samples was analyzed using partial least squares regression.The results showed that rose dew mainly influenced odor indicators,glutathione mainly influenced color indicators,and glycerol mainly influenced skin sensation indicators.
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    Potential mechanism of kaempferol on the regulation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway for the treatment of osteoporosis based on network pharmacology and molecular docking
    WANG Hui-xi, LUO Zheng-wei, ZHAO Can-bin, SUN Hong-zhang, CHEN Dong-feng, LI Xiao-yang, GUAN Dong-hui
    NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (增刊2): 107-113.  
    Abstract56)      PDF(pc) (1820KB)(376)       Save
    In this study,the therapeutic efficacy of kaempferol in the management of osteoporosis was scrutinized through the integration of network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques,with an initial foray into elucidating its underlying mechanism.Within the context of this paper,an extensive search for the two-dimensional structural formula of kaempferol was conducted,followed by a preliminary screening of potential compounds via data mining,which were subsequentially predicted as putative targets.Concurrently,protein-protein interaction networks were meticulously constructed through the exploitation of osteoporosis-related target data for predictive analysis.An in-depth examination of GO,DO,and KEGG pathways was performed.The pivotal protein nodes were identified,and the veracity of the target compound within the pharmacological agent was substantiated through molecular docking.Through comprehensive database mining and degree-based ranking,a total of 99 kaempferol targets and 5 937 osteoporosis targets were ascertained.Within the PPI network,the central nodes AKT1,GSK3B,PIK3CG,and PIK3R1 were observed to occupy prominence with elevated degree values.GO enrichment analysis revealed a preponderance of biological processes responsive to stimuli and phosphorylation events,inclusive of the regulation of phosphate metabolism,phosphorus metabolism regulation,and the phosphotransferase activity and nuclear receptor activity associated with the conveyance of phosphorous groups under molecular function.The DO analysis indicated that genes pertained to bone and joint disorders were significantly enriched within the 10th percentile,signifying notable proximity to the forefront.KEGG pathway analysis disclosed a substantial enrichment of targets within pathways associated with cancer and tumorigenesis,encompassing those pertinent to the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.Molecular docking results demonstrated that kaempferol could form multiple hydrogen bonds with AKT1, GSK3B, PIK3R1, and PIK3CG, and had strong binding energy. The above results indicated that kaempferol possessed the advantage of multi-target regulation, and might have exerted therapeutic effects on osteoporosis by regulating the expression of related genes and interventional proteins in the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
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    Study on effective components of Sanghuangporus sanghuang and its action mechanism against non-small cell lung cancer based on UHPLC-Q-Exactive-Orbitrap-MS and network pharmacology
    LIU Kun, WANG Chun, FU Xin-yao, KONG Ze-juan, WANG Hai-ying, ZHAO Qing-sheng5, CHENG Hua, WANG Jun-peng
    NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (增刊2): 83-93.  
    Abstract45)      PDF(pc) (2145KB)(375)       Save
    To explore the bioactive constituents of Sanghuangporus sanghuang body ethanolic extract (SSBEE) and its anti-non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) effect and underlying mechanism of action,this study first used UHPLC-Q-Exactive-Orbitrap-MS technology to detect the main active components of SSBEE.Secondly,Swiss ADME and Swiss Target Prediction databases were used to determine the potential active components and targets of SSBEE,and GeneCards database was used to screen disease genes and perform GO and KEGG enrichment analysis on core targets.A key network diagram was constructed.Meanwhile,molecular docking and molecular dynamics were used to evaluate the binding between the core components of SSBEE and potential targets.Finally,CCK-8 and Western blot assays were used to evaluate the anti-NSCLC activity and possible mechanism of action of SSBEE.A total of 54 compounds were identified from SSBEE,among which 19 active compounds mainly acted on 15 core targets such as PIK3CA and CTNNB1.KEGG enrichment analysis found that it may play an anti-NSCLC role through multiple pathways such as HIF-1 and PI3K-Akt.Molecular docking and molecular dynamics showed that ulocladol and genistein had good affinity for core targets such as PIK3CA protein.Functional verification experiments showed that SSBEE (160 μg/mL) had an inhibition rate of 81.26% on A549,which could inhibit the expression of target proteins PIK3CA and CTNNB1.This study clarified the main active components and potential mechanism of action of the ethanol extract of the fruiting body of S. sanghuang,providing a scientific theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of NSCLC with S. sanghuang.
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    Screening of xanthine oxidase inhibitor from the extracts of edible and medicinal traditional Chinese herbs
    XIE Chuan-qi, ZHANG Peng, HU Ju-wu, HUANG Jin-ping, YANG Fan, WU Lei
    NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (增刊2): 67-72.  
    Abstract49)      PDF(pc) (1110KB)(367)       Save
    In the study,the novel xanthine oxidase inhibitor was selected from edible and medicinal traditional Chinese herbs.104 kinds of traditional Chinese herbs were extracted with water and ethanol respectively in which the extraction rates were analyzed.Then in vitro xanthine oxidase activity test was used to evaluate the inhibitory activity of traditional Chinese herbal extracts on xanthine oxidase.The results showed that the extraction rates of most water extracts of traditional Chinese herbs was higher than the ethanol extracts,and most of the ethanol extracts of traditional Chinese herbs had better inhibitory activity on xanthine oxidase,compared with the water extracts.The inhibition rate of ethanol extracts of Alpiniae Officinari Rhizoma,Sophorae Flos,Perillae Fructus,Caryophylli Flos,Chrysanthemi Flos,Prunellae Spica,Sophorae Flos Immaturus,Moslae Herba and Pogostemonis Herba and water extract of Sophorae Flos Immaturus on xanthine oxidase activity were more than 60%.The IC50 values of Alpiniae Officinari Rhizoma,Perillae Fructus,Sophorae Flos,Sophorae Flos Immaturus and Caryophylli Flos for xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity were 8.181,23.04,36.16,38.34 and 52.03 μg/mL (the IC50 of positive control(allopurinol)is 1.034 μg/mL),respectively.These data indicated that although the yield of water extraction was higher,ethanol extraction had better inhibitory activity on xanthine oxidase,especially the inhibitory activity of Alpiniae Officinari Rhizoma ethanol extract on xanthine oxidase reached 1/8 level of allopurinol,which is expected to be further studied and developed as a new xanthine oxidase inhibitor.
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    Effects of nicotinamide mononucleotide and metformin on proliferation,brittleness and tumor-killing function of NK cells
    XU Zhe, LIU Zhi-cheng, DAI Xiao-yu, ZHAO Sha-sha, DAI Yi-chen, LI Dong
    NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (增刊2): 10-18.  
    Abstract74)      PDF(pc) (2141KB)(352)       Save
    The purpose of this study was to verify whether nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) and metformin (MET) can promote the proliferation of natural killer cells (NK cells) and improve the anticidal function.The method used in this study was to add different concentrations of NMN or MET into the NK cell expansion system to analyze its effect on cell proliferation,and to detect its cell phenotype,apoptosis ratio,cell cycle,cell fragility and tumor killing ability by flow cytometry.The results of this study were that the final concentration of 0.5 ng/mL NMN,10 mg/mL MET or 0.5 ng/mL NMN+10 mg/mL MET was added to the NK cell expansion system through pre-experiment.On the 7th day,cell count showed that the number of cells in all experimental groups increased significantly compared with the control group (P<0.05),and there were no significant differences in CD3-CD56+CD16+ cells,apoptosis and cell cycle among all groups on the 7th day (P>0.05). On the 14th day,the total number of cells in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group,and the total number of CD3-CD56+CD16+ cells in the MET group and the NMN+MET group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05),but there was no significant difference in apoptosis ratio and cell cycle between the two groups (P>0.05).The cell fragility test on the 14th day showed that the total number of surviving cells in NMN,MET and NMN+MET groups was significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.05).The tumor killing experiment on the 14th day showed that NMN and MET could significantly inhibit the growth of tumor cells (P<0.05).Research has found that NMN and MET can effectively promote the proliferation of NK cells,while reduce the brittleness of the cell membrane; NMN and MET can promote the proliferation, but do not cause the increase of apoptosis and the significant change of cell cycle,and show significantly increased tumor killing activity.
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    Mechanism of olibanum in the treatment of acute kidney injury based on network pharmacology and in vitro cell experiment verification
    BAI Juan, ZHANG Yan, HONG Shu-xia, SHI Jin-ping, XU Li-ting, WANG Fang
    NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2023, 35 (9): 1613-1623.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2023.9.015
    Abstract755)      PDF(pc) (2101KB)(339)       Save
    To study the mechanism of olibanum on acute kidney injury (AKI) based on network pharmacology,and establish an in vitro model of human renal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2) according to the results.To search 223 drug targets through the TCMSP database and the Swiss Target Prediction database,then using the OMIM,DisGeNet,DrugBank and GeneCards database to collect 1 245 disease targets,72 drug-disease targets were obtained through the Venn diagram tool.Protein interaction PPI network was constructed by String database;GO analysis and KEGG pathway analysis were performed using DAVID database;Cytoscape 3.7.2 software was used to construct the network diagram;Molecular docking was performed by Autodock.Involving Toll-like receptor、TNF、NF-kappa B and other signaling pathways.Based on this,the proliferation of HK-2 was detected by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) method,and the grouping was determined.The rate of cell apoptosis was detected by Hoechst33258 fluorescent staining,and the quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR) was used to detect the relative expression of MAPK3 and PPARG mRNA.The experimental results showed that in CCK-8 experiment,compared with the model group,the cell viability in low,medium and high dose groups decreased gradually (P <0.05);Hoechst33258 experiment,ELISA experiment and Q-PCR experiment,compared with the model group,the cell apoptosis rate,the capacity of cellular inflammatory factors and the molecular weight and mRNA expression of MAPK3 and PPARG protein decreased significantly (P <0.05).In conclusion,olibanum has the characteristics of multi-target and multi-pathway,which provides a basis for the clinical application of this drug.
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    Chemical constituents from Armillaria mellea fermentation broth and its mycelia
    LUO Ying-zi, HUANG Ming-jin, SHEN Shou-mao, SU Ming-zhi, YU Dan-dan, GUO Yue-wei, QIN Yu-qiang, ZHANG Guang-wen
    NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2023, 35 (7): 1183-1190.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2023.7.009
    Abstract834)      PDF(pc) (509KB)(291)       Save

    Armillaria mellea is a symbiotic fungus essential for the nutritional growth stage of the medicinal plant Gastrodia elata.To investigate the chemical constitutes and bioactivities of A. mellea,the 95% ethanol extract of A. mellea was repeatedly chromatographed over silica gel,MCI gel,Sephadex LH-20 and reversed-phase (RP)-HPLC,affording twenty-six pure compounds (1-26).Their structures were identified as tetradecanoic acid (1),α-linolenic acid (2),oleic acid (3),linoleic acid (4),ethyl linoleate (5),8(R),11(S)-dihydroxy-9Z,12Z-octadecadienoic acid (6),2-linoleoylglycerol (7),1-monolinolein (8),9-octadecenoic acid-2′,3′-dihydroxy propyl ester (9),methyl linoleate (10),glycerin 1,3-dilinoleate (11),(5Z,9Z)-17-methylnonadeca-5,9-dienoate (12),(2S)-α-(9′Z,12′Z,15′Z)-octadecatrienoic acid (13),ergosta-5,7,22-triene-3β-ol (14),(22E,24S)-5α,8α-epidioxy-24-methyl-cholesta-6,9(11),22-trien-3β-ol (15),p-hydroxybenzylethyl ether (16),uracil (17),cyclo(D)-Pro-(D)-Ile (18),cyclo(D)-Pro-(D)-Leu (19),cyclo(D)-Pro-(D)-Phe (20),proline (21),cyclo(D)-Pro-(L)-Val (22),cyclo(D)-Pro-(D)-Val (23),4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-5-methyloxazole (24),cyclo-(Ala-Val) (25),cyclo-(Ala-Pro) (26),respectively,by comparision of their NMR data and optical rotation values with those reported in the literature. Among them,compounds 5-13,16,and 18-26 were obtained for the first time from A. mellea. In in vitro bioassay,compounds 14 and 15 showed moderate effects against LPS-induced inflammatory responses in RAW 264.7 cells.

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    Mechanism of Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex in the treatment of gout based on network pharmacology,molecular docking and experimental validation
    LI Min, LI Li, QUAN Yun-yun, ZENG Jin, ZHAO Jun-ning, MAO Jiu-zhou, GONG Xiao-li, YIN Zhu-jun
    NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2023, 35 (7): 1235-1246.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2023.7.015
    Abstract809)      PDF(pc) (2380KB)(284)       Save
    To investigate the potential pharmacodynamic material basis and mechanism of Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex (PCC) in the treatment of gout by combining network pharmacology prediction,molecular docking validation and experimental validation.The active ingredients and action targets of PCC were obtained through TCMSP databases,gout-related disease targets were obtained from GeneCards,OMIM and TTD databases.The corresponding targets of the active ingredients of PCC were intersected with the gout targets,and the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of the intersected genes was mapped with the help of STRING platform and Cytoscape 3.9.0 software.The analysis of gene ontology (GO) function and Kyoto gene and gene targets (KEGG) pathway enrichment were performed by using String and MetaScape databases and visually presented through the platform of bioinformatics.Furthermore,molecular docking technology was performed to validate the binding pattern and affinity between the key ingredients and the crucial targets by using AutoDock Tools software.A total of 25 active ingredients and 70 potential key targets for the treatment of gout was screened in PCC. The enrichment of GO function and KEGG pathway showed that PCC might positively regulate cell migration,negatively regulate cell differentiation,inflammatory response,positively regulate cell adhesion,protein phosphorylation,DNA transcription and other biological processes.The most crucial biotargets of PCC against gout were protein kinase B1 (AKT1),tumor necrosis factor (TNF),peroxisome proliferative activated receptor gamma (PPAR γ),interleukin-6 (IL-6),prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2(PTGS2),and KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that PCC possessed anti-gout activity by regulating PI3K-Akt signaling pathway,MAPK signaling pathway.The molecular docking results showed that the binding energy between the key biotargets and the five potential active components were much less than -5 kcal/mol.In vitro experiments showed that the core chemical components exhibited potent inhibitory effect on the inflammatory response induced by sodium urate crystal.This study initially revealed PCC has a variety of potential anti-gout active components,and its mechanism may be achieved by modulating multiple biotargets and multiple signal transduction pathways.
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    Study on chemical constituents and anti-inflammatory activity of the pomace of Siraitia grosvenorii
    WU Juan-jiang, HUANG Hua-xue, LI Wen-chu, WANG Bin, GONG Li-min, SHENG Wen-bing, JIAN Yu-qing, WANG Wei
    NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2023, 35 (7): 1124-1134.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2023.7.003
    Abstract887)      PDF(pc) (843KB)(249)       Save
    The chemical constituents from the pomace fraction with water extract of Siraitia grosvenorii,and the anti-inflammatory activity in vitro were studied.The chemical constituents from the pomace fraction of Siraitia grosvenorii were isolated with various chromatographic separation techniques,and their structures were determined by entirely analyzing MS and NMR spectrums,there are oleanolic acid 28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1),oleanolic acid 3-O-β-D-glucuronyl-6′-ethyl ester (2),(3α)-7-oxomultiflor-8-ene-3,29-diol 3,29-dibenzoate (3),3,29-O-dibenzoyloxykarounidiol (4),isomultiflorenol (5),curcasinlignan B (6),urolignoside (7),diospyrosin (8),evofolin B (9),4′-hydroxyphenyl ethyl vanillate (10),aurantiamide (11),kaempferol-7-O-α-L-rhamnoside (12),kaempferitrin (13),kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (14),kaempferol 3-O-α-L-rhamnoside-7-O-β-D-xylosyl(1→2)-O-α-L-rhamnoside (15),sagittatin A (16),cucurbita-5,24-diene-3β-ol (17),balsaminol E (18),soya-cerebroside Ⅰ (19),β-sitosterol (20),β-daucosterol (21),7α-hydroxycholesterol (22),2E-4-hydroxy-nonenoic acid (23),vanillain (24),p-hydroxy-benzeneethanol (25),β-hydroxypropiovanillone (26).Compounds 2 and 6-11 were first isolated from Cucurbitaceae and compounds 1,3,4,14-16,18,19 and 22-26 were first isolated from Siraitia.Compounds 1-26 were preliminarily examined for anti-inflammatory activity in vitro,compounds 4,5,7,13,19 and 21 suppressed the production of TNF-α,compounds 13 and 21 both inhibited the production of IL-1β and IL-6,compounds 7,19 and 22 inhibited the production of IL-1β,compound 5 inhibited the production of IL-6.
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    Chemical constituents of Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack.
    WANG Ru-ru, ZHANG Shan-shan, XU Hong-tao, WANG Yong-li, CHOU Gui-xin
    NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2023, 35 (5): 787-797.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2023.5.007
    Abstract828)      PDF(pc) (988KB)(232)       Save
    To study the chemical constituents of Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack, two new compounds, named as murrayanin (1) and 8-demethylnobiletin (2), along with twenty-four known compounds (3-26) were isolated from the 70% EtOH extract of M. paniculata by various chromatographic techniques such as silica gel, ODS, Sephadex-LH 20, Pre-HPLC, their structures was elucidated by spectral data analysis. The known compounds were identified as ficusal (3),lariciresinol-4′-monomethy ether (4),(±)-5′-methoxy-4′-O-methyllariciresinol (5),diospyrosin (6),(-)-9′-O-E-feruloyl-lyoniresinol (7),7-O-methylphellodenol-B (8),osthenon (9),3,4′-dihydroxy-3′,5′-dimethoxyphenylacetone (10),4′-hydroxy-5,7-dimethoxyflavanone (11),cystosiphonin (12),4′-hydroxy-5,7,3′-trimethoxyflavanone (13),5,7,3′,4′,5′-pentamethoxyflavanone (14),2′,4-dihydroxy-3′,4′,6′-trimethoxychalcone (15),2′,3-dihydroxy-4,4′,6′-trimethoxychalcone (16),evofolin B (17),2′-hydroxy-3,4,5,4′,6′-pentamoxychalcone (18),2′-hydroxy-3,4,4′,6′-tetramethoxychalone (19),5,8-dihydroxy-6,7,3′,4′-tetramethoxyflavone (20),3′-hydroxy-5,6,7,8,4′,5′-hexamethoxyflavone (21),5,3′,5′-trihydroxy-7,4′-dimethoxyflavone (22),5,7,3′-trihydroxy-8,4′-dimethoxyflavone(23),8-hydroxy-5,6,7,3′,4′-pentamoxyflavone (23),3′-hydroxy-5,6,7,4′-tetramethoxyflavone (24),5,7,3′,4′,5′-pentamethoxyflavone (25) and 5-hydroxy-6,7,8,3′,4′-pentamethoxyflavone (26),respectively.Compounds 3-8,10-13,15,16,20-24 were obtained from the genus Murraya for the first time,and compound 17 were isolated from M. paniculata for the first time.
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    Optimization of extraction process and composition analysis of essential oil from Amomum tsao-ko
    LIU Ju-zhao, XIAN Meng-xue, KONG Wei-hua, TIAN Xiao-li, YUAN Qiang, CUI Qi
    NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2023, 35 (5): 766-780.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2023.5.005
    Abstract919)      PDF(pc) (2439KB)(225)       Save
    In order to study the optimal extraction technology of essential oil from Amomum tsao-ko by steam distillation and ultrasonic organic solvent extraction.In this paper,based on single factor experiment,the extraction process of A. tsao-ko essential oil by steam distillation and ultrasonic organic solvent extraction was optimized by response surface methodology (RSM) and back-propagation artificial neural network (BP-ANN).Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was applied to analyze the essential oil components obtained from the two extraction methods,and the models were compared.The results showed that the optimum technological parameters of A. tsao-ko essential oil extraction by steam distillation were soaking time of 53.00 min,distillation time of 72.00 min,liquid to solid ratio of 11.00 mL/g,and extraction yield of 1.59%.A total of thirty-four components were identified in A. tsao-ko essential oil obtained by steam distillation.Under the optimum conditions of ultrasonic organic solvent extraction with ultrasonic power of 150.00 W,ultrasonic time of 27.00 min and liquid to solid ratio of 6.30 mL/g,the extraction yield was 3.40% and a total of 43 components were identified.Although the extraction yield of A. tsao-ko essential oil by ultrasonic organic solvent extraction was higher than that by steam distillation,the essential oil obtained by ultrasonic organic solvent extraction was poor in quality,dark in color and heavy in impurities,which was not conducive to the subsequent application.Compared with the RSM model,the BP-ANN model had a lower error-index and a higher fitting degree in predicting extraction yield,and had higher accuracy and prediction advantages.This study will provide reliable technological parameters for the efficient extraction of A. tsao-ko essential oil and further promote the development and utilization of the medicinal and edible plant A. tsao-ko.
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    Identification of UPLC characteristics spectrum of four original plants of Rabdosiae Herba
    XIAO Xiao-ji, QIU Jia-jia, LIU Jun-min, ZHAO Shuang-shuang, GU Jing-feng, WANG De-qin, ZHAN Ruo-ting
    NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2023, 35 (6): 1038-1048.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2023.6.013
    Abstract1041)      PDF(pc) (1619KB)(221)       Save
    The purpose of this paper is to establish the UPLC characteristics spectrum method for the identification of four original plants of Rabdosiae Herba,Rabdosia serra (Maxim.) H.Hara,Rabdosia lophanthoides (Buch.-Ham.ex D.Don) H.Hara,Rabdosia lophanthoides var. graciliflora (Benth.) H.Hara and Rabdosia stracheyi (Benth.ex Hook.f.) Hara.The similarity evaluation of characteristic chromatograms,cluster analysis (CA),principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least square discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were combined,which was used to study the common components and differential components of four original plants of Rabdosiae Herba.19,24,26 and 21 characteristic peaks were determined from the characteristic chromatograms of R. serraR.  lophanthoidesR. lophanthoides var. graciliflora and R. stracheyi.In addition to R.serra,the similarity of the samples of the other three original plants was high,but there were some differences in similarity between different original plants.R. serra could be clearly distinguished from the other three original plants by CA and PCA and OPLS-DA could be used to distinguish R. lophanthoides, R. lophanthoides var. graciliflora and R. stracheyi.The UPLC characteristics spectrum established in this study combined with chemometrics comprehensively reflected the chemical composition of four original plants of Rabdosiae Herba,and the method is simple,rapid and specific,which can provide a reference for the identification,quality analysis and evaluation of original plants of Rabdosiae Herba.
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    Screening of quality markers for the quality evaluation of Hunan Aurantii Fructus germplasm resources based on multicomponent quantitative analysis combined with network pharmacology
    YANG Li, TANG Qi, FAN Ming-hui, WANG Yan, ZHANG Rui-yin, ZHOU Tie, CHEN Peng, ZHENG Ya-jie
    NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (12): 2102-2115.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2024.12.011
    Abstract60)      PDF(pc) (2530KB)(208)       Save
    The study aims to identify quality markers (Q-Markers) for the evaluation of Hunan Aurantii Fructus (HAF) germplasm resources based on the "spectrum-efficacy" correlation by the establishment of chromatographic quantitative analysis of multiple components,combining network pharmacology,molecular docking technology,and multivariate statistical analysis.High performance liquid chromatography and headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography were used to perform content determination of germplasm resource samples from counties and cities in Hunan.Target collection and network pharmacology analysis were carried out on multi-components to construct a "component-target-pathway" network and predict candidate Q-Markers and core targets.Molecular docking technology was used to theoretically simulate the binding activity of ligands and receptors to identify key Q-Markers.Principal component loading factor analysis and cluster analysis were utilized to excavate Q-Markers that distinguish HAF germplasm resource samples.The results showed that the germplasm resource samples had the highest contents of naringin,neohesperidin,and D-limonene,with significant fluctuations in the content differences of each target compound. Seven candidate Q-Markers,including tangeretin,exerted antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects through seven core targets such as PIK3CD in the PI3K/AKT and RAS/MAPK pathways,demonstrating good molecular docking activity among them.Multivariate statistical analysis indicated that five Q-Markers,including limonin,could be used to differentiate germplasm resource samples.These markers were group-specific,while the differences between samples were unrelated to geography.This method can evaluate the quality of HAF germplasm resources and furnishing a valuable tool for variety selection and breeding initiatives.
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    Analysis of flavonoids in the different parts of Polygonum capitatum via LC-MS and GC-MS metabolomics technology
    PENG Qi-lun, YANG Jie, GUO Bu-fa, YE Mao, YI Wei
    NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (12): 2031-2041.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2024.12.005
    Abstract95)      PDF(pc) (1075KB)(205)       Save
    The aim of this study is to explore the differential distribution of flavonoids in the different parts of Polygonum capitatum and dig its potential medicinal value.Therefore,LC-MS and GC-MS metabolomics technology was used in comparatively researching the flavonoids in the stems,flowers and leaves of P. capitatum.It was established that the number of flavonoids in the P. capitatum aboveground part was ranked in descending order as follows:flower>leaf>stem.Additionally, based on the screening criteria (fold change ≥2 or ≤0.5,P<0.05) of differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs),we obtained 333,289 and 366 DEMs in three groups of PC sample comparison (stems and flowers,stems and leaves,leaves and flowers),respectively.Subsequently,the DEMs in different medicinal parts of P. capitatum were significantly enriched in flavonoid biosynthesis pathway.In these DEMs,the relative concentration of these flavonoids (3′,4′,5′,5,7′-pentahydroxyflavone,epicatechin and epigallocatechin) in the flowers of P. capitatum was greater than that in the stems or leaves.Meanwhile,3′,4′,5′,5,7′-pentahydroxyflavone,epicatechin and epigallocatechin are important pharmacological active substance.The research comprehensively identified the flavonoids in the different medicinal parts of P. capitatum,and affirmed that the flavonoids were majorly distributed in the flower. These results provided the theoretical basis for deeply digging and utilizing the medicinal value of its flavonoids.
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    Haemostatic effect and mechanism of militarine,a non-polysaccharide component from Bletilla striata
    LI Jing, ZHAO Fei-fei, LI Jing, LI Yong-jun, XU Guo-bo, WANG Yong-lin, LIAO Shang-gao
    NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT    2024, 36 (12): 2024-2030.   DOI: 10.16333/j.1001-6880.2024.12.004
    Abstract111)      PDF(pc) (1129KB)(204)       Save
    The aim of this study was to assess the hemostatic effect of militarine,a non-polysaccharide component militarine from Bletilla striata,and to investigate its potential mechanism.The hemostatic effect of militarine was preliminarily evaluated by determining the bleeding time (BT) and clotting time (CT) of mice in physiological and pathological conditions using a tail-transection mouse model and a heparinized bleeding mouse model,respectively.Coagulation parameters,including prothrombin time (PT),thrombin time (TT),fibrinogen (FIB),and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) were also assessed to evaluate its effect on the coagulation function of mice.In addition,the levels of P-selectin (CD62P),thromboxane B2 (TXB2) and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1α (6-keto-PGF1α) were determined to explore its effects and mechanisms on the platelet system.The results showed that militarine reduced BT and CT values in a dose-dependent manner in normal and heparinized mice,displaying significant hemostatic and procoagulant effects.However,for coagulation function indices (PT,TT,APTT and FIB),militarine did not show a significant effect on normal and heparinized mice but significantly increased the level of CD62P,suggesting that it might exert its hemostatic effect by affecting the platelet system.Militarine significantly increased the levels of CD62P and TXB2 in the plasma of heparinized mice and decreased the production of 6-keto-PGF1α,suggesting that it may exert hemostatic effect by directly promoting platelet activation and enhancing the coagulation function of platelets to accelerate blood coagulation.These findings suggest that militarine may be an effective hemostatic agent.
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